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Table 2 Study characteristics

From: A systematic review of factors influencing NHS health check uptake: invitation methods, patient characteristics, and the impact of interventions

Author

Design

Time Period

Setting

Participants

Factors Investigated

Funding Sources Acknowledged

Quality Score

Artac et al., (2013) [20]

Cross-sectional

2008–2011

GP Practices within Hammersmith and Fulham primary care trust, London. Twenty-seven practices in Year 1, 29 practices in Year 2

Year 1

4748 high risk patients (mean age 60.9 years, 78.4% male) Year 2 35,364 patients eligible for the NHSHC (mean age 50.0 years, 45.2% male)

Demographic factors – age, gender, deprivation, ethnicity, risk factors, practice

NIHR North West London Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research; NHS Hammersmith and Fulham; Department of Health Policy Research Programme

19 (Strong)

Attwood et al., (2016) [19]

Cross-sectional

Not given

Four GP Practices in the East of England

1380 patients invited to the NHSHC (mean age 52.4 years, 49.7% male)

Demographic factors – age, gender, deprivation, ethnicity, practice

British Heart Foundation, Cancer Research UK, ESRC, MRC, NIHR, Wellcome Trust

20 (Moderate)

Cochrane et al., (2013) [23]

Cross-sectional

August 2009 – January 2010

Thirty-seven GP Practices in Stoke-on-Trent

10,483 patients invited to the NHSHC (aged 32–74 years, no mean age given; 81.3% male. Patients aged from 32 years were included due to above-average burden of CVD in the area and below-average life expectancy).

Demographic factors – age, gender, deprivation, risk level, practice

Stoke-on-Trent Primary Care Trust

19 (Strong)

Coghill et al., (2018) [22]

Cross-sectional

June 2010 – October 2014

Thirty-eight GP Practices in Bristol

31,881 patients invited to the NHSHC (mean age 52.4 years, 52% male)

Demographic factors – age, gender, deprivation

NIHR School for Primary Care Research; Public Health Bristol; NIHR Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research West

20 (Moderate)

Cook et al., (2016) [26]

Cross-sectional

April 2013 March 2014

Thirty GP Practices in Luton

13,063 patients invited to the NHSHC (no mean age given; 53.3% male)

Invitation method; invitation method by ethnicity and gender

Demographic factors – age, gender, deprivation, ethnicity

No funding stated

23 (Moderate)

Dalton et al., (2011) [24]

Cross-sectional

September 2008 – January 2010

Twenty-nine GP Practices in Ealing, London

5294 patients invited to the NHSHC (aged 35–74 years, no mean age given. Patients from the age of 35 were invited in this study due to earlier onset of CVD and diabetes in the local area. 80.9% male)

Demographic factors – age, gender, deprivation, ethnicity, risk factor, practice

NHS Ealing; Higher Education Funding Council for England; NIHR Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research & Care

19 (Strong)

Gidlow et al., (2014) [9]

Observational cohort

September 2010 – February 2014

Five GP Practices in Stoke-on-Trent

4855 patients invited to the NHSHC (mean age 53.4 years, 46.9% male)

Invitation method

Demographic factors – age, gender, deprivation, ethnicity, practice

Stoke-on-Trent Public Health Directorate

19 (Strong)

McDermott et al., (2018) [25]

Randomised controlled trial (three arms)

July 2013 – December 2014

Eighteen GP Practices in Lambeth and Lewisham, London

12,459 patients invited to the NHS HC (median age 45; 52% male)

Intervention (sending a Question Behaviour Effect questionnaire ahead of invitation vs. QBE questionnaire plus incentive to return questionnaire vs. control)

Demographic factors – age, gender, deprivation, ethnicity

NIHR Health Technology Assessment Programme; Guy’s and St Thomas’ Charity; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre; Cancer Research UK

16 (strong)

Sallis et al., (2016) [21]

Randomised controlled trial (two arms)

2013–2014

Four GP Practices in Medway

3511 patients invited to the NHSHC (control arm mean age 53.1 years, 46.5% male; intervention arm mean age 52.8 years, 49.1% male)

Intervention (enhanced letter vs. standard letter)

Demographic factors – age, gender, deprivation, practice

Department of Health

16 (strong)