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Table 3 Association between social engagement and unhealthy lifestyle behaviors as well as subjective well-being across six countries (adjusted logistic regression models)

From: Social engagement pattern, health behaviors and subjective well-being of older adults: an international perspective using WHO-SAGE survey data

 

China

OR (95% CI)

Russia

OR (95% CI)

India

OR (95% CI)

Ghana

OR (95% CI)

South Africa

OR (95% CI)

Mexico

OR (95% CI)

Tobacco and alcohol use and diet

Tobacco use

(Ref: not current smokers)

1.19

(1.02–1.40)

0.79

(0.52–1.20)

0.96

(0.82–1.12)

0.81

(0.66–0.98)

0.58

(0.45–0.74)

1.20

(0.69–2.09)

Harmful drinking

(Ref: < 14 standard drinks/week)

1.21

(0.94–1.55)

0.98

(0.44–2.21)

1.76

(0.90–3.43)

1.10

(0.86–1.42)

0.73

(0.40–1.33)

1.00

(0.37–2.73)

Low fruit and vegetable intake

(Ref: ≥ 5 serves/day)

0.48

(0.35–0.65)

0.45

(0.30–0.68)

0.56

(0.45–0.70)

1.30

(1.13–1.51)

0.88

(0.69–1.12)

0.82

(0.48–1.42)

Activity-related behaviors

Physical inactivity

(Ref: ≥ 600 MET-minutes/week)

0.64

(0.47–0.86)

0.31

(0.19–0.50)

0.59

(0.49–0.72)

0.38

(0.32–0.45)

0.77

(0.60–0.97)

0.42

(0.29–0.60)

Prolonged sitting time

(Ref: ≤ 7 hours/day)

0.87

(0.68–1.12)

1.40

(0.90–2.18)

0.99

(0.81–1.22)

0.70

(0.58–0.84)

0.40

(0.24–0.65)

0.58

(0.22–1.57)

Unhealthy sleep time

(Ref: 7–9 hours/day)

0.73

(0.63–0.85)

0.86

(0.66–1.11)

0.84

(0.70–1.01)

0.74

(0.64–0.84)

1.15

(0.94–1.40)

–

Subjective well-being

Perceived depression

(Ref: not perceived depression)

0.80

(0.65–0.99)

0.53

(0.39–0.73)

0.88

(0.74–1.05)

1.13

(0.97–1.31)

1.05

(0.83–1.33)

0.61

(0.38–0.99)

Poor self-rated health

(Ref: moderate and good self-rated health)

0.72

(0.58–0.89)

0.52

(0.32–0.86)

0.76

(0.63–0.91)

0.53

(0.45–0.63)

0.67

(0.49–0.93)

0.36

(0.15–0.83)

Low quality of life

(Ref: high quality of life)

0.54

(0.44–0.67)

0.35

(0.22–0.56)

0.54

(0.44–0.66)

0.57

(0.49–0.66)

0.68

(0.52–0.89)

0.19

(0.07–0.50)

  1. Adjusted for sex, age group, marital status, education level, place of residence, and income quintiles
  2. Note: Weighted estimates