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Table 2 The relative risks of the incidences of cardiovascular diseases according to level of alcohol consumption when compared with non-drinkers

From: The protective effect of alcohol consumption on the incidence of cardiovascular diseases: is it real? A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies conducted in community settings

 

Light (0.01-10 g/day)

Light to moderate (10.1-20 g/day)

Moderate (20.1-40 g/day)

Moderate to high (40.1-60 g/day)

High (60.1-120 g/day)

N

I2

RR (95% CI)

N

I2

RR (95% CI)

N

I2

RR (95% CI)

N

I2

RR (95% CI)

N

I2

RR (95% CI)

Men

 Total

1

0.54 (0.28–1.04)

4

0

0.68 (0.57–0.81)

4

16

0.72 (0.58–0.90)

3

0

1.02 (0.84–1.23)

2

89

1.32 (0.61–2.86)

 Comorbidity = 0

1

0.54 (0.27–1.08)

1

0.40 (0.19–0.84)

 Comorbidity = 1–2

1

0.64 (0.51–0.80)

1

0.71 (0.57–0.88)

1

0.99 (0.79–1.24)

1

0.91 (0.69–1.20)

 Comorbidity = 3–4

2

0

0.80 (0.58–1.11)

2

0

0.85 (0.61–1.18)

2

0

1.09 (0.76–1.56)

1

2.00 (1.30–3.08)

 Age ≤ 40

1

0.26 (0.05–1.35)

1

0.45 (0.08–2.53)

1

0.37 (0.06–2.28)

   

 Age 41–65

1

0.54 (0.28–1.04)

3

0

0.66 (0.54–0.80)

3

44

0.71 (0.52–0.96)

2

0

1.04 (0.85–1.26)

 Age ≤ 65

 Age ≤ 20

1

0.80 (0.51–1.25)

1

0.74 (0.41–1.34)

1

0.79 (0.37–1.69)

Women

  Total

1

0.67 (0.31–1.45)

1

0.73 (0.34–1.57)

 Comorbidity = 0

 Comorbidity = 1–2

 Comorbidity = 3–4

  Age ≤ 40

1

0.14 (0.05–0.39)

1

0.50 (0.20–1.25)

  Age 41–65

1

0.67 (0.31–1.45)

1

0.73 (0.34–1.57)

  Age ≥ 65

 Age ≤ 20

Men + Women

 Total

1

0.97 (0.87–1.08)

2

0

0.94 (0.76–1.17)

3

50

0.86 (0.61–1.22)

1

1.16 (0.66–2.04)

2

0

0.94 (0.44–2.00)

 Comorbidity = 0

1

1.47 (0.59–3.66)

2

67

0.88 (0.38–2.01)

 Comorbidity = 1–2

 Comorbidity = 3–4

1

0.92 (0.74–1.14)

1

0.92 (0.76–1.11)

 Age ≤ 40

 Age 41–65

1

0.62 (0.40–0.96)

1

1.42 (0.41–4.92)

 Age ≤ 65

 Age ≤ 20

2

7

0.96 (0.74–1.23)

1

0.73 (0.28–1.90)

  1. ‘-‘means non-applicable
  2. N: Number of included studies; RR: Relative risk; CI: Confidence interval