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Table 3 Insecticide residues at baseline swabbed from five different kitchen surfaces

From: Exposure risks and ineffectiveness of total release foggers (TRFs) used for cockroach control in residential settings

   

Detection frequency (%)a

ng/cm2

 

Insecticide

N

MDLb

Meanc

SEMd

Median

Max

GMe

GSDf

0.5 m Floor

Fipronil

21

0

1.077

<MDL

<MDL

PBOg

21

100

0.192

3.655

0.959

2.021

17.025

2.018

32.455

Tetramethrin

21

10

0.133

<MDL

3.517

Permethrin

21

90

0.211

3.001

0.735

1.253

10.939

1.609

33.272

Cypermethrin

21

86

0.625

10.866

2.496

7.165

47.742

6.290

33.816

1.0 m Floor

Fipronil

22

0

1.077

<MDL

<MDL

PBO

22

100

0.192

3.214

0.693

2.518

12.292

1.959

29.281

Tetramethrin

22

18

0.133

<MDL

25.694

Permethrin

22

95

0.211

2.840

0.731

1.628

15.629

1.683

29.225

Cypermethrin

22

95

0.625

10.559

1.559

8.950

24.866

7.945

24.013

Counter

Fipronil

22

0

1.077

<MDL

<MDL

PBO

22

77

0.192

0.749

0.133

0.666

2.746

0.588

21.730

Tetramethrin

22

14

0.133

<MDL

18.458

Permethrin

22

95

0.211

0.807

0.182

0.497

3.529

0.603

20.309

Cypermethrin

22

82

0.625

18.726

7.085

5.132

148.070

5.979

49.307

Cabinet

Fipronil

21

0

1.077

<MDL

<MDL

PBO

21

71

0.192

19.587

17.007

1.170

359.082

1.186

68.703

Tetramethrin

21

38

0.133

<MDL

232.830

Permethrin

21

90

0.211

11.737

3.906

1.645

65.268

2.786

65.997

Cypermethrin

21

67

0.625

28.370

9.804

6.146

150.993

6.138

76.229

Wall

Fipronil

22

0

1.077

<MDL

<MDL

PBO

22

95

0.192

18.750

11.500

1.562

253.616

2.717

61.764

Tetramethrin

22

36

0.133

<MDL

190.180

Permethrin

22

86

0.211

36.059

26.211

2.075

576.275

3.089

72.837

Cypermethrin

22

64

0.625

24.946

8.328

5.833

133.071

5.910

72.920

  1. apercentage of samples with residue quantities above the MDL
  2. bMDL Method Detection Limit
  3. cMeans were only calculated for those pesticides with > 40% detection frequency
  4. dSEM Standard Error of the Mean
  5. eGM Geometric Mean
  6. fGSD Geometric Standard Deviation
  7. gPBO Piperonyl butoxide