Table 3 Bullying (B) or discrimination (D)

Akhavan et al. [15]

Women working in a municipality, survey, Sweden, 2003

(D): OR 2.90, 90%CI 2.23–3.76 (PR = 14% vs 6%)

Bergbom et al. [18]

Employees at a bus company, survey, Finland, n/a

(B): OR 3.4, 95%CI 1.8–6.6 (PR =21.8% vs 7.6%)

Bhui, et al. [19]

General working pop., survey, UK, 1998–99

(D): ERR^# = 1.7^a, (PR = 11% vs 6.6%)^a

Diaz-Serrano [33]

General working pop. of immigrants, survey, Spain, 2006

(D): PR = 28% (Africans), 14.4% (Latin-Americans), and 4.9% (EU15)

Dzurova and Drbohlav [36]

General working pop., survey, Czech Republic, 2013

(D): ERR^#= 7.3 (29% versus 4%)^a (m) and ERR^# = 5.4 (PR = 38% vs. 7%)^a (w).

Gil-Gonzalez et al. [41]

General working pop., survey, Spain, 2006–7

(D): OR 48.1, 95%CI 28.2–82.2 (PR = 5.7% vs 0.1%)^a (m) and OR 43.5 95%CI 25.5–74.3(PR = 0.1% vs. 5.0%)^a (w)

Hogh et al. [43]

Health care students/workers, survey, Denmark, 2004

(B): OR 1.85, 95%CI 1.20–2.87 (PR = 15.2% vs 8.5%)

Jönson and Giertz [46]

Care workers, survey, Sweden, 2005

(D): OR 1.66^a

Krings et al. [48]

General working pop. Survey, Switzerland, 2012

(D): OR 13^a (German/French) and OR 7.3^a (another nationality)

Miller & Travers [51]

Teachers, survey, UK, n/a

(D): mean = 107.7 vs mean = 101.5^a

Shields and Price (86

Nurses, survey, UK, 1994.

(D): PR = 6.5% (staff) and 9.7% (colleagues). No data for natives.

Wadsworth et al. [91]

General working pop., survey, UK, 1998–99

(D): ERR^# = 2 (African–Caribbean) and ERR^# = 1.2 (Bangladesh). No statistical test.