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Table 4 Indicators approved and level of agreement achieved, in each area of concern and dimension

From: Indicators for evaluating European population health: a Delphi selection process

Dimension

Indicator

Aggregated responses (%)

Pi

Group majority decision rule

SD

D

NAD

A

SA

Economic and social environment

 Employment

Unemployment rate (%)

1.4

1.4

2.8

30.6

63.9

0.50

A1-A

Youth unemployment rate (%)

0.0

3.0

9.0

49.3

38.8

0.39

A2-B

Long-term unemployment rate (%)

1.4

4.2

4.2

25.0

65.3

0.49

A1-A

 Income & living conditions

Disposable income of private households per capita (€)

0.0

3.0

11.9

50.7

34.3

0.38

A2-B

People at risk of poverty or social exclusion (%)

1.4

1.4

4.2

20.8

72.2

0.56

A1-A

Severe material deprivation rate (%)

2.8

2.8

4.2

38.9

51.4

0.41

A1-A

Disposable income ratio - S80/S20

1.5

4.5

16.4

34.3

43.3

0.32

A2-B

 Social protection

Expenditure on care for elderly (% of GDP)

0.0

9.0

14.9

47.8

28.4

0.33

A2-B

 Education

Population aged 25–64 with lower secondary education attainment (%)

0.0

14.9

7.5

46.3

31.3

0.33

A2-B

Population aged 25–64 with upper secondary or tertiary education attainment (%)

0.0

9.0

10.4

52.2

28.4

0.36

A2-B

Early leavers from education and training (%)

0.0

9.0

13.4

41.8

35.8

0.32

A2-B

 Security

Population who reported crime, violence or vandalism in the area of residence (%)

0.0

6.0

7.5

50.7

35.8

0.39

A2-B

Demographic change

 Migration

Immigrants at risk of poverty or social exclusion - born in EU28 countries, excluding the reporting country (%)

1.49

4.5

7.5

61.2

25.4

0.44

A2-B

Immigrants at risk of poverty or social exclusion - born in non EU28 countries (%)

0

1.5

7.5

58.2

32.8

0.44

A2-B

 Ageing

At risk of poverty rate of older people - aged 65 years or over (%)

0

1.5

4.5

50.7

43.3

0.44

A2-B

Ageing index

0

6

7.5

40.3

46.3

0.38

A2-B

Age dependency ratio

0

7.5

12

50.7

29.9

0.36

A2-B

Lifestyle & health behaviours

 Lifestyle and health behaviours

Adults who are obese (%)

0.0

1.4

1.4

25.0

72.2

0.58

A1-A

Regular daily smokers in the population - aged 15 and over (%)

2.8

4.2

4.2

22.2

66.7

0.49

A1-A

Daily smokers - aged 15 and over (%)

2.8

6.9

5.6

27.8

56.9

0.40

A1-A

Number of cigarettes smoked per day - daily smokers (No.)

0

6

4.5

38.8

50.7

0.40

A2-A

Pure alcohol consumption - aged 15 and over (Liters per capita)

0.0

0.0

4.2

43.1

52.8

0.46

A1-A

Population engaged in vigorous or moderate physical activity on 2 or more days a week (%)

0

0

4.5

50.7

44.8

0.45

A2-B

Average amount of fruits and vegetables available per person per year (Kg per person)

0

0

12

55.2

32.8

0.42

A2-B

Live births by mothers under age of 20 (%)

0

4.5

7.5

34.3

53.7

0.41

A2-A

Physical environment

 Pollution

Annual mean of the daily PM2.5 concentrations (ug/m3)

0

0

13

34.3

52.2

0.40

A2-A

Annual mean of the daily PM10 concentrations (ug/m3)

0

0

12

37.3

50.7

0.40

A2-A

Transport emissions of air pollutants (%)

7.46

4.5

4.5

58.2

25.4

0.40

A2-B

Population exposed to traffic noise - Lden 55-59db, during day (%)

6.25

3.1

11

73.4

6.25

0.55

A3-B

Population who reported pollution, grime or other environmental problems in the area of residence (%)

2.99

1.5

16

43.3

35.8

0.33

A2-B

Contaminated sites and other land use indicators (hectares)

1.49

1.5

15

47.8

34.3

0.36

A2-B

Built environment

 Housing conditions

Average number of rooms per person

1.56

6.3

16

53.1

23.4

0.36

A3-B

Children living in homes with problems of dampness (%)

0

0

9

53.7

37.3

0.43

A2-B

Population living in a dwelling with a leaking roof, damp walls, floors or foundation, or rot in window frames of floor (%)

0

3

12

28.4

56.7

0.41

A2-A

Households without indoor flushing toilet (%)

0

3

9

31.3

56.7

0.42

A2-A

Households without central heating (%)

0

0

15

23.9

61.2

0.45

A2-A

 Water and sanitation

Population connected to public water supply (%)

0

4.5

4.5

49.3

41.8

0.41

A2-B

Drinking water quality: microbiological non-compliance (%)

0

4.5

3

35.8

56.7

0.44

A2-A

Drinking water quality: chemical non-compliance (%)

7.46

4.5

4.5

37.3

46.3

0.35

A2-B

Population connected to wastewater treatment (%)

0

4.5

3

40.3

52.2

0.43

A2-A

 Road safety

Injury rate due to road traffic accidents, per 100.000 inhabitants

0

4.5

7.5

40.3

47.8

0.39

A2-B

Victims in road accidents - injured and killed, per 100.000 inhabitants

0

7.5

15

32.8

44.8

0.33

A2-B

Fatality rate due to road traffic accidents, per 1.000 victims

0

6

12

37.3

44.8

0.35

A2-B

Healthcare services

 Healthcare resources

Health personnel (general practitioners), per 100.000 inhabitants

1.49

1.5

3

52.2

41.8

0.44

A2-B

Curative care beds, per 100.000 inhabitants

0

9.4

13

57.8

20.3

0.39

A3-B

Long-term care beds in nursing and residential care facilities, per 100.000 inhabitants

1.49

3

18

47.8

29.9

0.34

A2-B

Medical doctors, per 100.000 inhabitants

1.49

3

12

32.8

50.7

0.37

A2-A

Health personnel (nurses and midwives, dentists, pharmacists and physiotherapists), per 100.000 inhabitants

1.49

3

12

35.8

47.8

0.36

A2-B

Medical Technology (e.g. mammography, PET scanners, CT scanners) per 100.000 inhabitants

1.49

4.5

12

50.7

31.3

0.36

A2-B

 Healthcare access

Population living to more than 60 min from Urgent Care/Emergency unit (%)

0

6

9

40.3

44.8

0.36

A2-B

 Healthcare utilization

Hospital discharges due to diabetes, hypertension and asthma per 100.000 inhabitants

0

3

10

55.2

31.3

0.41

A2-B

 Healthcare expenditure

Health care expenditure by all financing agents per inhabitant, in Purchasing Power Standards (PPS)

2.99

1.5

10

56.7

28.4

0.41

A2-B

Health care expenditure by private household out-of-pocket expenditure per inhabitant, in PPS

0

0

12

55.2

32.8

0.42

A2-B

Governmental (except social security funds) expenditure in providers of health care in health care per capita, in PPS

1.49

0

12

46.3

40.3

0.38

A2-B

Health outcomes

 Length of life (Mortality)

Life expectancy at birth (years)

0.0

0.0

0.0

25.4

74.6

0.62

A1-A

Sex ratio of life expectancy at birth

0

9.4

13

57.8

20.3

0.39

A3-B

Life expectancy at 65 years of age (years)

0.0

0.0

4.2

31.0

64.8

0.51

A1-A

Infant mortality, per 1.000 live births

0.0

2.8

4.2

18.3

74.6

0.59

A1-A

Perinatal mortality, per 1.000 live births

0

3

11

28.8

57.6

0.42

A2-A

Neonatal mortality, per 1.000 live births

0

3

12

28.8

56.1

0.40

A2-A

Premature mortality, SDR per 100.000 inhabitants

0.0

1.4

9.9

23.9

64.8

0.48

A1-A

Amenable deaths to health, SDR per 100.000 inhabitants

0

1.5

14

42.4

42.4

0.37

A2-B

Preventable deaths, SDR per 100.000 inhabitants

0.0

1.4

5.6

42.3

50.7

0.43

A1-A

Deaths related to infectious disease, SDR per 100.000 inhabitants

0

1.5

4.5

40.9

53

0.44

A2-A

Deaths related to land transport accidents, SDR per 100.000 inhabitants

1.52

6.1

11

40.9

40.9

0.34

A2-B

Deaths from diseases of the circulatory system, SDR per 100.000 inhabitants

0.0

0.0

8.5

33.8

57.7

0.45

A1-A

Deaths from diseases of the respiratory system, SDR per 100.000 inhabitants

0.0

0.0

5.6

38.0

56.3

0.46

A1-A

Deaths from cancer (malignant neoplasms), SDR per 100.000 inhabitants

0

0

3

42.4

54.5

0.47

A2-A

Death due to ischaemic heart disease, SDR per 100.000 inhabitants

0.0

0.0

4.2

39.4

56.3

0.47

A1-A

Deaths due to cerebrovascular diseases, SDR per 100.000 inhabitants

0.0

0.0

7.0

36.6

56.3

0.45

A1-A

Deaths due to colorectal cancer, SDR per 100.000 inhabitants

0.0

0.0

7.0

42.3

50.7

0.43

A1-A

Deaths due to larynx, trachea, bronchus and lung cancer, SDR per 100.000 inhabitants

0.0

0.0

8.5

40.8

50.7

0.42

A1-A

Deaths due to breast cancer, SDR per 100.000 inhabitants

0.0

2.8

7.0

39.4

50.7

0.41

A1-A

Deaths due to prostate cancer, SDR per 100.000 inhabitants

1.52

6.1

4.5

39.4

48.5

0.39

A2-B

 Quality of life (Morbidity)

People who reported having a long-standing illness or health problem (%)

0

3

6.1

37.9

53

0.42

A2-A

Self-perceived health less than good (%)

0

7.6

14

31.8

47

0.34

A2-B

Self-reported unmet needs for medical examination (%)

1.52

6.1

17

47

28.8

0.32

A2-B

Age-standardized Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY) rate

1.52

1.5

9.1

24.2

63.6

0.46

A2-A

Low birth-weight (%)

0

6.1

12

42.4

39.4

0.34

A2-B

Preterm birth (%)

0

6.1

15

37.9

40.9

0.33

A2-B

  1. SD Strongly disagree, D Disagree, NAD Neither agree nor disagree, A Agree, SA Strongly agree, Pi Scott’s Pi inter-rater reliability coefficient, A1-A Approved in Round 1 - 1st Delphi process, by Absolute Majority (SA > 50% and SD + D < 33.3%), A2-A Approved in Round 2 - 1st Delphi process, by Absolute Majority (SA > 50% and SD + D < 33.3%), A2-B Approved in Round 2 - 2nd Delphi process, by Qualified Majority (SA + A > 75% and SD + D < 33.3%), A3-B Approved in Round 3 - 2nd Delphi process, by Qualified Majority (SA + A > 75%)