Table 1 Characteristics of the study population
Characteristics | Total | Capillary blood glucose | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Normal (< 7 mmol/L) n (%) | Elevated (≥ 7 mmol/L) n (%) | p value | ||
(n = 2248) | 1798 (80.0) | 450 (20.0) | ||
Sex | ||||
 Women | 416 (18.5) | 363 (87.3) | 53 (12.7) | < 0.001 |
 Men | 1832 (81.5) | 1435 (78.3) | 397 (21.7) |  |
Age (years) | ||||
 < 30 | 163 (7.2) | 137 (84.0) | 26 (16.0) | < 0.001 |
 31–39 | 657 (29.2) | 562 (85.5) | 95 (14.5) |  |
 40–49 | 716 (31.9) | 561 (78.3) | 155 (21.7) |  |
 ≥ 50 | 712 (31.7) | 538 (75 .6) | 174 (24.4) |  |
Marital status | ||||
 Married/living with a partner | 1916 (85.2) | 1535 (80.1) | 381 (19.9) | 0.71 |
 Single | 332 (14.8) | 263 (79.2) | 69 (20.8) |  |
Professional grade | ||||
 Low | 946 (42.1) | 742 (78.4) | 204 (21.6) | 0.28 |
 Intermediate | 695 (30.9) | 561 (80.7) | 134 (19.3) |  |
 High | 607 (27.0) | 495 (81.6) | 112 (18.4) |  |
Job sector | ||||
 Administrative staff | 281 (12.5) | 231 (82.2) | 50 (17.8) | 0.76 |
 Freight | 117 (5.2) | 96 (82.0) | 21 (18.0) |  |
 Infrastructure | 785 (34.9) | 625 (79.6) | 160 (20.4) |  |
 Material | 340 (15.1) | 263 (75.4) | 77 (22.6) |  |
 Traction | 238 (10.6) | 195 (81.9) | 43 (18.1) |  |
 Transportation | 450 (20.0) | 358 (79.6) | 92 (20.4) |  |
 Security | 37 (1.7) | 30 (81.1) | 7 (18.9) |  |
Job seniority (years) | ||||
 ≤ 10 | 465 (20.7) | 391 (84.1) | 74 (15.9) | < 0.01 |
 11–20 | 704 (31.3) | 577 (82.0) | 127 (18.0) |  |
 21–30 | 596 (26.5) | 465 (78.0) | 131 (22.0) |  |
 ≥ 30 | 483 (21.5) | 365 (75.6) | 118 (24.4) |  |
Work schedule | ||||
 Day only | 1359 (60.5) | 1087 (80.0) | 272 (20.0) | 0.48 |
 Shift work | 517 (23.0) | 422 (81.6) | 95 (18.4) |  |
 Rotating shift work | 338 (15.0) | 264 (78.1) | 74 (21.9) |  |
 Night only | 34 (1.5) | 25 (73.5) | 9 (26.5) |  |
BMI (kg/m2) | ||||
 25 to 27.4 | 1111 (49.4) | 906 (81.6) | 205 (18.4) | 0.07 |
 27.5 to 29.9 | 1137 (50.6) | 892 (78.5) | 245 (21.6) |  |
Waist circumference | ||||
 Normal | 1444 (64.2) | 1160 (80.3) | 284 (19.7) | 0.58 |
 Elevated | 804 (35.8) | 638 (79.4) | 166 (20.7) |  |
Blood pressure | ||||
 Normal | 1606 (71.4) | 1318 (82.1) | 288 (17.9) | < 0.001 |
 High | 642 (28.6) | 480 (74.8) | 162 (25.2) |  |
Risk of sleep apnoea | ||||
 Low | 1868 (83.1) | 1505 (80.6) | 363 (19.4) | 0.12 |
 High | 380 (16.9) | 293 (77.1) | 87 (22.9) |  |
Physical activity | ||||
 Inactive | 715 (31.8) | 577 (80.7) | 138 (19.3) | 0.72 |
 Moderately inactive | 468 (20.8) | 367 (78.4) | 101 (21.6) |  |
 Moderately active | 566 (25.2) | 450 (79.5) | 116 (20.5) |  |
 Active | 499 (22.2) | 404 (81.0) | 95 (19.0) |  |
Diet | ||||
Cereals/bread | ||||
 Never or less than 3 times per week | 172 (7.6) | 135 (78.5) | 37 (21.5) | 0.69 |
 3 to 6 times per week | 350 (15.6) | 287 (82.0) | 63 (18.0) |  |
 1 or 2 times per day | 1119 (49.8) | 896 (80.1) | 223 (19.9) |  |
 At least, three times per day | 607 (27.0) | 480 (79.1) | 127 (20.9) |  |
Rice/pasta | ||||
 Never or less than 3 times per week | 282 (12.5) | 224 (79.4) | 58 (20.6) | 0.79 |
 3 to 6 times per week | 1350 (60.1) | 1083 (80.2) | 267 (19.8) |  |
 1 or 2 times per day | 599 (26.6) | 479 (80.0) | 120 (20.0) |  |
 At least, three times per day | 17 (0.8) | 12 (70.6) | 5 (29.4) |  |
Dairy products | ||||
 Never or less than 3 times per week | 216 (9.6) | 172 (79.6) | 44 (20.4) | 0.65 |
 3 to 6 times per week | 530 (23.6) | 427 (80.6) | 103 (19.4) |  |
 1 or 2 times per day | 1254 (55.8) | 994 (79.3) | 260 (20.7) |  |
 At least, three times per day | 248 (11.0) | 205 (82.7) | 43 (17.3) |  |
Fruits and vegetables | ||||
 Never or less than 3 times per week | 192 (8.5) | 149 (77.6) | 43 (22.4) | 0.24 |
 3 to 6 times per week | 923 (41.1) | 725 (78.6) | 198 (21.4) |  |
 1 or 2 times per day | 943 (41.9) | 765 (81.1) | 178 (18.9) |  |
 At least, three times per day | 190 (8.5) | 159 (83.7) | 31 (16.3) |  |
Meat and poultry, eggs and fish | ||||
 Never or less than 3 times per week | 125 (5.5) | 93 (74.4) | 32 (25.6) | 0.33 |
 3 to 6 times per week | 822 (36.6) | 652 (79.3) | 170 (20.7) |  |
 1 or 2 times per day | 1261 (56.1) | 1021 (81.0) | 240 (19.0) |  |
 At least, three times per day | 40 (1.8) | 32 (80.0) | 8 (20.0) |  |
Ready-to-eat food | ||||
 Never or less than 3 times per week | 1797 (79.9) | 1437 (80.0) | 360 (20.0) | 0.12 |
 3 to 6 times per week | 395 (17.6) | 322 (81.5) | 73 (18.5) |  |
 1 or 2 times per day | 56 (2.5) | 39 (69.6) | 17 (30.4) |  |
Sugary food | ||||
 Never or less than 3 times per week | 874 (38.9) | 719 (82.3) | 155 (17.7) | < 0.05 |
 3 to 6 times per week | 840 (37.4) | 674 (80.2) | 166 (19.8) |  |
 Once per day or more | 534 (23.7) | 405 (75.8) | 129 (24.2) |  |
You add to your meals… | ||||
Salt | ||||
 Never/sometimes | 1316 (58.5) | 1052 (79.9) | 264 (20.1) | 0.95 |
 Often/always | 932 (41.5) | 746 (80.0) | 186 (20.0) |  |
You drink… | ||||
Sugary drinks | ||||
 Never or less than 3 times per week | 718 (31.9) | 590 (82.2) | 128 (17.8) | < 0.05 |
 3 to 6 times per week | 458 (20.4) | 367 (80.1) | 91 (19.9) |  |
 1 or 2 times per day | 674 (30.0) | 544 (80.7) | 130 (19.3) |  |
 At least, three times per day | 398 (17.7) | 297 (74.6) | 101 (25.4) |  |
Alcoholic beverages | ||||
 Never or less than 3 times per week | 1513 (67.3) | 1231 (81.4) | 282 (18.6) | < 0.05 |
 3 times or more per week | 735 (32.7) | 567 (77.1) | 168 (22.9) |  |