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Table 2 Bivariate analyses of factors associated with QFT positivity among study participants (n = 242)

From: Prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection among coal workers’ pneumoconiosis patients in China: a cross-sectional study

Factors

QFT test

Prevalence ratio (95% CI)

p-value

Negative

Positive

80(33.1%)

162(66.9%)

Socio-demographic characteristics

 Age (years)

   < 60

9(45.0%)

11(55.0%)

1

  60-

43(34.4%)

82(65.6%)

1.19(0.79–1.81)

0.407

   ≥ 70

28(28.9%)

69(71.1%)

1.29(0.85–1.96)

0.226

 BMI (kg/m2) a

  18.5-

35(36.1%)

62(63.9%)

1

  ≥ 25

44(30.6%)

100(69.4%)

1.09(0.90–1.31)

0.379

 Highest education level

  Primary school or lower

43(35.5%)

78(64.5%)

1

  Middle school

28(29.5%)

67(70.5%)

1.09(0.91–1.32)

0.342

  High school

9(39.1%)

17(73.9%)

1.01(0.74–1.38)

0.928

 Marital status

  Married

73(32.0%)

155(68.0%)

1

  Divorced or Widowed

7(50.0%)

7(50.0%)

0.73(0.43–1.25)

0.257

 Personal income per month (RMB)

   < 3000

7(24.1%)

22(75.9%)

1

  3000-

60(34.1%)

116(65.9%)

0.87(0.69–1.09)

0.233

   ≥ 4000

13(35.1%)

24(64.9%)

0.86(0.62–1.17)

0.323

 Family income per head per month (RMB) a

   < 6000

45(33.3%)

90(66.7%)

1

  6000-

16(32.7%)

33(67.3%)

1.01(0.80–1.27)

0.931

   ≥ 10,000

5(27.8%)

13(72.2%)

1.08(0.79–1.48)

0.613

 Place of birth

  City

7(30.4%)

16(69.6%)

1

  Countryside

73(33.3%)

146(66.7%)

0.96(0.72–1.28)

0.771

Occupational factors

 Stages of CWP

  I

62(31.3%)

136(68.7%)

1.00

  II

16(39.0%)

25(61.0%)

0.89(0.68–1.15)

0.374

  III

2(66.7%)

1(33.3%)

0.48(0.10–2.41)

0.377

 Job category

  Transport and helping

9(60.0%)

6(40.0%)

1.00

  Mining

31(36.5%)

54(63.5%)

1.59(0.84–3.01)

0.157

  Tunneling

16(25.4%)

47(74.6%)

1.87(0.10–3.52)

0.055

  Both tunneling and mining

24(30.4%)

55(69.6%)

1.74(0.92–3.29)

0.088

 Years of work

  10-

4(40%)

6(60.0%)

1.00

  20-

21(27.6%)

55(72.4%)

1.21(0.71–2.04)

0.484

  30-

47(33.3%)

94(66.7%)

1.11(0.66–1.87)

0.691

  40-

8(53.3%)

7(46.7%)

0.78(0.37–1.63)

0.506

 Dust exposure period

  1940-

13(40.6%)

19(59.4%)

1.00

  1960-

47(29.9%)

110(70.1%)

1.18(0.87–1.60)

0.286

  1980-

20(37.7%)

33(62.3%)

1.05(0.74–1.50)

0.793

 Age at first dust exposure

   < 18

9(33.3%)

18(66.7%)

1.00

  18–29

63(32.8%)

129(67.2%)

1.01(0.76~ 1.34)

0.286

   ≥ 30

8(34.8%)

15(65.2%)

0.98(0.66~ 1.46)

0.793

 Duration of dust exposure(years)

   < 10

1(14.3%)

6(85.7%)

1.00

  10-

21(38.9%)

33(61.1%)

0.71(0.49–1.03)

0.073

  20-

33(34.4%)

63(65.6%)

0.77(0.55~ 1.07)

0.119

  30-

25(29.4%)

60(70.6%)

0.82(0.59–1.15)

0.252

Environmental factors

 Workplace ventilation

  Well

46(41.1%)

66(58.9%)

1.00

  Poor

34(26.2%)

96(73.8%)

1.25(1.04–1.51)

0.017

 Accommodation

  Building

36(32.1%)

76(67.9%)

1.00

  Bungalow

44(33.8%)

86(66.2%)

0.98(0.82–1.16)

0.779

 Living spaceb

   < 20

21(29.2%)

51(70.8%)

1.00

  20–40

35(34.0%)

68(66.0%)

0.93(0.761–1.142)

0.497

  40-

6(23.1%)

20(76.9%)

1.10(0.873–1.381)

0.424

Behavioral factors

 Smoking

  Never

12(34.3%)

23(65.7%)

1.00

  Once

45(38.5%)

72(61.5%)

0.94(0.71–1.24)

0.497

  Occasionally

4(66.7%)

2(33.3%)

0.51(0.16–1.61)

0.424

  Frequently

19(22.6%)

65(77.4%)

1.18(0.90–1.54)

0.424

 Start smoking age

   < 18

14(31.8%)

30(68.2%)

1.00

   ≥ 18

51(32.3%)

107(67.7%)

0.99(0.79–1.25)

0.954

 Smoking indexc

  0

12(34.3)

23(65.7)

1

   > 0

21(36.2)

37(63.8)

0.99(0.73–1.35)

0.954

  15-

21(29.6)

50(70.4)

1.09(0.82–1.44)

0.566

  30-

23(31.9)

49(68.1)

1.05(0.79–1.40)

0.741

 Smoking years

   < 10

7(58.3%)

5(41.7%)

1.00

  10-

17(34.0%)

33(66.0%)

1.58(0.79–3.19)

0.197

   ≥ 30

40(29.0%)

98(71.0%)

1.70(0.87–3.36)

0.123

 Drinking

  Never

19(27.9%)

49(72.1%)

1.00

  Once

16(35.6%)

29(64.4%)

0.89(0.69–1.16)

0.405

  Occasionally

13(30.2%)

30(69.8%)

0.97(0.76–1.24)

0.797

  Frequently

32(37.2%)

54(62.8%)

0.87(0.70–1.09)

0.220

 Drinking indexd

  0

32(32.3)

67(67.7)

1

  1-

10(28.6)

25(71.4)

1.05(0.82–1.36)

0.672

  50-

15(30.6)

34(69.4)

1.02(0.81–1.29)

0.832

  100-

19(39.6)

29(60.4)

0.89(0.68–1.16)

0.404

 Days of every week of intake of fruits

   < 1

7(18.4%)

31(81.6%)

1.00

  1–3

27(35.5%)

49(64.5%)

0.79(0.63–0.99)

0.041

   ≥ 4

34(35.8%)

61(64.2%)

0.79(0.64–0.97)

0.028

 Days of every week of physical exercise

   < 1

2(40.0%)

3(60.0%)

1.00

  1-

11(28.9%)

27(71.1%)

1.18(0.56–2.49)

0.656

  7

60(33.3%)

120(66.7%)

1.11(0.54–2.29)

0.775

 Length of sleeping (hour)

   < 6

24(36.9%)

41(63.1%)

1.00

  6-

34(29.8%)

80(70.2%)

1.11(0.89–1.39)

0.345

   ≥ 8

22(34.9%)

41(65.1%)

1.03(0.80–1.34)

0.813

 History of BCG vaccination

  No

72(33.2%)

145(66.8%)

1.00

  Yes

8(32.0%)

17(68.0%)

1.02(0.77–1.35)

0.904

 The family history of tuberculosis

  No

78(33.5%)

155(66.5%)

1.00

  Yes

2(22.2%)

7(77.8%)

1.17(0.82–1.68)

0.396

 Exposure history of tuberculosis

  No

77(33.8%)

151(66.2%)

1.00

  Yes

3(21.4%)

11(78.6%)

1.19(0.89–1.58)

0.246

  1. QFT QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube, CI Confidence Interval
  2. a Sum may not equal the total because of missing data
  3. bLiving space: average per-capita living space (m2)
  4. cSmoking index(pack-years): average number of packs of cigarettes smoked per day multiplied by the number of smoking years
  5. dDrinking index(50 g·year):grams of alcohol consumed daily multiplied by years of drinking