Health conditions and lifestyle risk factors of adults living in Puerto Rico: a cross-sectional study

BMC Public Health

Table 4 Likelihood of having two or more conditions by risk factors among 380 adults 30–75 y/o in Puerto Rico

	≥2 Cardiometabolic conditions^a	≥2 Chronic diseases^a
Age ≥ 50y (vs. <50y)	2.63 (1.55, 4.46)	3.43 (1.99, 5.90)
Female (vs. male)	1.03 (0.60, 1.76)	1.13 (0.65, 1.99)
Single or divorced/widowed (vs. married)	1.37 (0.83, 2.27)	1.06 (0.62, 1.80)
High school or lower education (vs. ≥ college)	1.21 (0.69, 2.10)	1.11 (0.62, 1.98)
≤$10,000 household income (vs. > 10,000)	1.02 (0.54, 1.94)	1.00 (0.51, 1.98)
Monthly food insufficiency (vs. never)	1.12 (0.68, 1.86)	1.18 (0.69, 2.02)
Current smoker (vs. never or former)	0.77 (0.40, 1.51)	1.09 (0.54, 2.18)
Current drinker (vs. never or former)	1.27 (0.71, 2.25)	1.56 (0.84, 2.89)
< 7 or > 8 h sleep/night (vs. 7–8 h)	1.12 (0.67, 1.85)	1.21 (0.71, 2.05)
Sleep difficulties always/occasionally (vs. rarely)	1.20 (0.72, 2.10)	2.88 (1.67, 4.98)
Sedentary physical activity (vs. light or moderate/vigorous)	1.91 (1.12, 3.25)	1.44 (0.81, 2.57)
> 2 h/day TV watching (vs. ≤2 h/day)	1.30 (0.74, 2.28)	1.80 (1.01, 3.21)
Good/fair/poor self-rated diet quality (vs. excellent/very good)	2.01 (1.19, 3.39)	2.34 (1.37, 4.02)

^aShown as odds ratio (95% confidence interval) obtained from a multivariable logistic regression model adjusted for the variables shown, as assessed from a cross-sectional convenience sample of 380 adults aged 30-75y recruited in 2015 from primary care clinics in the San Juan, Puerto Rico metropolitan area. Two or more cardiometabolic conditions (n = 139) was defined as the sum of current self-reported medically-diagnosed hypertension, obesity, high cholesterol, high triglycerides, pre-diabetes, diabetes, and heart disease or stroke. Two or more chronic diseases (n = 234) was defined as the sum of current self-reported medically-diagnosed cardiometabolic conditions plus thyroid disease, arthritis, osteoporosis, anxiety, depression, cancer, bladder or kidney disease, gastrointestinal disease (including liver), eye-related diseases, sleep apnea, respiratory diseases, and physical disabilities. The reference categories were having none or one condition/disease

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