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Table 2 Association of biological, socioeconomic, and environmental characteristics with measles in case parishes during the 2011–2012 measles outbreak in Ecuador

From: Role of health determinants in a measles outbreak in Ecuador: a case-control study with aggregated data

 

OR (95%CI)a

OR (95%CI)b

Biological

 Children under 1 year of age (% population)

   < 3

1.00

1.00b

   ≥ 3

2.64 (1.14–6.14)

2.50 (0.99–6.34)

  P value

0.024

0.053

Socioeconomic

 Head-of-household educational attainment (years)

   ≥ 8

1.00

1.00 b

   < 8

0.18 (0.10–0.31)

0.29 (0.15–0.57)

  P value

<  0.001

<  0.001

 Quartiles of the number of internal migrants

   < 81

1.00

1.00b

  81–198

1.16 (0.41–3.24)

1.07 (0.38–3.05)

  199–587

1.75 (0.68–4.52)

1.44 (0.53–3.87)

   ≥ 588

3.88 (1.64–9.15)

2.56 (0.96–6.85)

  P value

0.002

0.161

Environmental

 Percent indigenous population

   < 1.4

1.00

1.00b

   ≥ 1.4

3.97 (2.01–7.81)

3.29 (1.63–6.68)

  P value

<  0.001

0.001

 Parish setting

  Rural

1.00

1.00c

  Urban

3.10 (1.76–5.48)

1.77 (0.84–3.76)

  P value

<  0.001

0.135

 Crowding (%)

   < 14

1.00

1.00d

  14–20

0.29 (0.13–0.66)

0.34 (0.15–0.80)

  21–26

0.31 (0.13–0.72)

0.49 (0.19–1.21)

   ≥ 27

0.44 (0.21–0.90)

0.46 (0.17–1.24)

  P value

0.003

0.060

  1. aNon-adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI)
  2. bOdds ratio adjusted for children under 1 year of age, educational attainment of head of household, internal migration, and % indigenous population
  3. cOdds ratio adjusted for the variables listed in b plus crowding
  4. dOdds ratio adjusted for the variables listed in b plus parish setting
  5. Please see footnote of Table 1 for variables definitions