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Table 4 Water Insecurity among n = 422 Women’s Development Army leaders and members, rural Amhara, 2015

From: Volunteers in Ethiopia’s women’s development army are more deprived and distressed than their neighbors: cross-sectional survey data from rural Ethiopia

 

1–30 Leaders (n = 73)

1–5 Leaders (n = 142)

1–5 Members (n = 207)

P-values

Drank water that might not be safe

43.8

40.8

38.6

0.496

Did not collect because it takes too long to queue

41.1

38

33.3

0.344

Slept very few hours due to early morning water collection

35.6

32.4

29

0.379

Worried about not having enough water for all household needs

34.2

29.6

34.8

0.794

Did not complete chores/work due to water collection

30.1

28.2

24.2

0.444

Borrowed water from a neighbor due to lack at home

28.8

29.6

24.2

0.673

Reduced water for drinking

27.4

28.9

26.6

0.985

Did not collect water because source was too far

26

23.2

27.5

0.996

Reduced water for cooking

21.9

19

18.8

0.555

Reduced water for bathing

21.9

16.9

21.3

0.636

Reduced water for making coffee/tella

19.2

16.2

17.4

0.641

Reduced water for washing clothes

19.2

16.9

20.3

0.958

Did not cook a desirable food due to lack of water

17.8

14.1

15.9

0.575

Did not collect because it was too dangerous/risky to go

17.8

17.6

11.1

0.370

Reduced water for washing utensils

13.7

14.1

19.8

0.432

Did not collect because there was not enough water at source

13.7

15.5

16.4

0.616

Reduced water for washing face, hands, and/or feet

12.3

11.3

15.5

0.746

Reduced water for cleaning house

11

10.6

13

0.796

Collected water from a dirty or undesirable source

11

9.9

11.6

0.986

Went to sleep thirsty

11

11.3

11.6

0.902

Quarreled with a neighbor or other person over water

5.5

4.2

4.3

0.755a

Went whole day without drinking water

5.5

2.8

5.8

0.762a

Water Insecurity score, mean (range)

4.7 (0–21)

4.3 (0–20)

4.4 (0–22)

0.661

  1. aFisher’s exact test