Variables | Definite chronic bronchitis (N = 53) | Probably chronic bronchitis (N = 285) | No pulmonary disease (N = 306) | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD or N (%) | ||||
Age (yrs) | 61.9 ± 9.4 | 63.3 ± 8.8 | 63.3 ± 9.2 | 0.558 |
Height (cm) | 155.1 ± 6.1 | 155.6 ± 5.7 | 155.1 ± 5.4 | 0.494 |
Weight (kg) | 57.3 ± 13.0 | 58.6 ± 8.6 | 59.1 ± 8.6 | 0.392 |
BMI | 23.8 ± 5.4 | 24.2 ± 3.3 | 24.6 ± 3.4 | 0.216 |
Pulmonary function test | ||||
FEV1 (L)a | 1.47 ± 0.45 | 1.53 ± 0.44 | 1.62 ± 0.47 | 0.012 |
FVC (L)a | 1.85 ± 0.55 | 1.91 ± 0.55 | 1.92 ± 0.58 | 0.720 |
FEV1/FVC (%)a | 80.5 ± 13.5 | 81.0 ± 14.7 | 86.0 ± 14.4 | < 0.0001 |
Education levelsb | ||||
≥ junior high school | 10 (18.9) | 52 (18.3) | 44 (14.4) | 0.343 |
primary school | 25 (47.2) | 138 (48.4) | 172 (56.4) | |
illiteracy | 18 (34.0) | 95 (33.3) | 89 (29.2) | |
Smoking status | ||||
Non-smoker | 4 (7.6) | 79 (27.7) | 106 (34.6) | 0.0002 |
Second-hand smoker | 49 (92.5) | 206 (72.3) | 200 (65.4) | |
Tea consumption | ||||
No | 50 (94.3) | 241 (84.6) | 236 (77.1) | 0.003 |
Yes | 3 (5.7) | 44 (15.4) | 70 (22.9) | |
Burning incense | ||||
No | 15 (28.3) | 112 (39.3) | 120 (39.2) | 0.291 |
Yes | 38 (71.7) | 173 (60.7) | 186 (60.8) |