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Table 3 Associations between nighttime sleep characteristics and OAP the following day (n = 432 participants and 2253 sleep - OAP pairings)

From: Bi-directional association between sleep and outdoor active play among 10–13 year olds

Sleep Characteristic

β (95% confidence interval)

P value

Time in bed

 Model 1a

0.027 (− 0.025, 0.079)

0.311

 Model 2b

− 0.008 (− 0.062, 0.046)

0.779

 Model 3c

0.009 (− 0.046, 0.063)

0.760

Sleep duration

 Model 1a

0.017 (− 0.033, 0.067)

0.515

 Model 2b

− 0.023 (− 0.079, 0.032)

0.413

 Model 3c

− 0.009 (− 0.064, 0.046)

0.745

Sleep chronology

 Model 1a

− 0.053 (− 0.122, 0.016)

0.136

 Model 2b

− 0.008 (− 0.073, 0.058)

0.820

 Model 3c

− 0.060 (− 0.136, 0.016)

0.123

Sleep efficiency

 Model 1a

− 0.004 (− 0.013, 0.005)

0.405

 Model 2b

− 0.008 (− 0.018, 0.002)

0.119

 Model 3c

− 0.008 (− 0.017, 0.002)

0.104

  1. aUnadjusted model. Not adjusted for covariates
  2. bPartially adjusted model. Adjusted for participant characteristics only (sex, age, race, maturity offset, chronic medical conditions, body mass index)
  3. cFully adjusted model. Adjusted for participant characteristics (sex, age, race, maturity, chronic medical conditions, body mass index), family characteristics (family income, number of parents in household), neighborhood environment characteristics (green space, traffic volume), and characteristics of the day sleep and outdoor active play were measured (weekday/weekend/holiday, daylight hours, time spent in other types of physical activity, accelerometer and GPS watch wear time)