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Table 3 Unadjusted logistic regression model of experienced violence types according to spousal age difference and background characteristics

From: Spousal age difference and associated predictors of intimate partner violence in Nigeria

Background

IPV

Emotional

Physical

Sexual

Variables

uOR (95% C.I)

uOR (95% C.I)

uOR (95% C.I)

uOR (95% C.I)

Age Difference

 0–4

1.60 (1.30–1.98)a

1.46 (1.16–1.84)b

2.07 (1.56–2.75)a

1.08 (0.71–1.63)

 5–9

1.35 (1.10–1.64)b

1.29 (1.03–1.60)c

1.77 (1.34–2.32)a

1.17 (0.79–1.72)

 10–14

1.23 (0.99–1.52)

1.10 (0.86–1.39)

1.51 (1.13–2.02)b

1.11 (0.73–1.68)

 15+

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Number of living children

 None

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

 1–2

2.09 (1.65–2.63)a

1.98 (1.52–2.57)a

2.23 (1.62–3.07)a

1.23 (0.80–1.88)

 3–4

2.87 (2.28–3.65)a

2.72 (2.09–3.53)a

3.12 (2.27–4.29)a

1.49 (0.97–2.27)

 5+

2.46 (1.92–3.14)a

2.21 (1.67–2.90)a

2.98 (2.14–4.14)a

1.60 (1.02–2.49)c

Residence

 Urban

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Rural

0.92 (0.81–1.04)

0.94 (0.82–1.07)

0.88 (0.76–1.02)

1.87 (1.43–2.45)a

Ethnicity

 Hausa/Fulani

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Igbo

3.02 (2.42–3.77)a

3.03 (2.40–3.82)a

3.94 (2.93–5.30)a

1.59 (0.99–2.53)

 Yoruba

2.52 (2.07–3.07)a

1.85 (1.48–2.31)a

4.52 (3.50–5.85)a

0.51 (0.28–0.93)c

 Others

3.92 (3.38–4.53)a

3.26 (2.78–3.82)a

5.58 (4.51–6.89)a

2.90 (2.19–3.81)a

Religion

 Christian

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Muslims

0.37 (0.32–0.41)a

0.41 (0.36–0.47)a

0.24 (0.20–0.28)a

0.68 (0.54–0.86)b

 Others

0.79 (0.52–1.20)

0.99 (0.64–1.53)

0.90 (0.56–1.43)

0.62 (0.22–1.69)

Household wealth

 Poor

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Middle

1.33 (1.13–1.55)a

1.21 (1.02–1.44)c

1.43 (1.18–1.74)a

1.01 (0.75–1.35)

 Rich

1.29 (1.13–1.46)a

1.13 (0.98–1.29)

1.38 (1.17–1.61)a

0.57 (0.43–0.74)a

Education

 None

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Primary

2.52 (2.16–2.93)a

2.13 (1.80–2.52)a

3.69 (3.04–4.47)a

1.74 (1.31–2.31)a

 Secondary

2.20 (1.91–2.53)a

1.97 (1.69–2.29)a

3.04 (2.53–3.64)a

1.23 (0.93–1.62)

 Higher

1.23(0.96–1.55)

1.19(0.91–1.54)

1.11(0.79–1.57)

0.74(0.43–1.26)

Marriage type

 Monogamy

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Polygamy

0.94 (0.81–1.09)

0.94 (0.79–1.102)

0.91 (0.75–1.10)

1.13 (0.85–1.49)

Marital Duration

 0–4

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

 5–9

1.48 (1.25–1.74)a

1.49 (1.24–1.79)a

1.54 (1.25–1.90)a

1.10 (0.78–1.53)

 10–14

1.51 (1.28–1.79)a

1.44 (1.19–1.73)a

1.55 (1.25–1.91)a

1.29 (0.93–1.78)

 15+

1.33 (1.13–1.56)b

1.24 (1.03–1.48)c

1.54 (1.25–1.88)a

1.22 (0.89–1.67)

Husband drinking alcohol

 No

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Yes

3.64 (3.19–4.15)a

3.34 (2.90–3.83)a

4.98 (4.28–5.78)a

2.05 (1.60–2.62)a

Husband’s Education

 None

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Primary

2.47 (2.08–2.91)a

2.15 (1.79–2.57)a

3.54 (2.84–4.39)a

1.57 (1.15–2.15)b

 Secondary

2.27 (1.95–2.63)a

1.94 (1.65–2.29)a

3.25 (2.65–3.97)a

1.20 (0.89–1.60)

 Higher

1.56 (1.29–1.88)a

1.50 (1.22–1.84)a

1.82 (1.40–2.35)a

1.09 (0.75–1.57)

Number of marital union

 1

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

 2+

1.59 (1.31–1.94)a

1.70 (1.37–2.09)a

1.73 (1.38–2.17)a

1.74 (1.22–2.46)b

Empowerment

 Low

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

 High

1.48 (1.27–1.70)a

1.39 (1.18–1.63)a

1.50 (1.25–1.78)a

0.88 (0.64–1.21)

  1. IPV Intimate partner violence, uOR Unadjusted odds ratio
  2. aSignificant at 0.1%; bSignificant at 1.0%; cSignificant at 5.0%