Table 3 Standardized estimates of total, total indirect, specific indirect, and direct effects

Among fathers who smoke

Estimate

P-value

 Total

−0.144^*

0.001

 Direct

−0.053

0.228

 Total indirect

−0.091^*

< 0.001

63.2%

  education→household members smoking→indoor smoking

−0.037^*

0.013

25.7%

  education→descriptive norms→indoor smoking

−0.028^*

0.011

19.4%

  education→subjective norms→indoor smoking

−0.008

0.208

  education→household members smoking→descriptive norms→indoor smoking

−0.004^*

0.046

2.8%

  education→household members smoking→subjective norms→indoor smoking

−0.005^*

0.047

3.5%

  education→descriptive norms→subjective norms→indoor smoking

−0.008^*

0.003

5.6%

  education→household members smoking→descriptive norms→subjective norms→indoor smoking

−0.001^*

0.028

0.7%

Among mothers who smoke

Estimate

P-value

The proportion to the total effect

 Total

−0.154^*

0.001

 Direct

−0.061

0.175

 Total indirect

−0.092^*

< 0.001

59.7%

  education→household members smoking→indoor smoking

−0.012

0.097

  education→descriptive norms→indoor smoking

−0.039^*

0.002

25.3%

  education→subjective norms→indoor smoking

−0.022^*

0.013

14.3%

  education→household members smoking→descriptive norms→indoor smoking

0.001

0.213

  education→household members smoking→subjective norms→indoor smoking

−0.002

0.132

  education→descriptive norms→subjective norms→indoor smoking

−0.019^*

< 0.001

12.3%

  education→household members smoking→descriptive norms→subjective norms→indoor smoking

0.001

0.19

Among working fathers who smoke

Estimate

P-value

The proportion to the total effect

 Total

−0.153^*

< 0.001

 Direct

−0.040

0.429

 Total indirect

−0.112^*

0.001

73.2%

  education→household members smoking→indoor smoking

−0.035^*

0.017

22.9%

  education→descriptive norms→indoor smoking

−0.022^*

0.023

14.4%

  education→subjective norms→indoor smoking

−0.010

0.215

  education→workplace smoking policies→indoor smoking

−0.020

0.491

  education→household members smoking→descriptive norms→indoor smoking

−0.004^*

0.045

2.6%

  education→workplace smoking policies→descriptive norms→indoor smoking

−0.007^*

0.046

4.6%

  education→household members smoking→subjective norms→indoor smoking

−0.005^*

0.043

3.3%

  education→desriptive norms→subjective norms→indoor smoking

−0.006^*

0.008

3.9%

  education→workplace smoking policies→subjective norms→indoor smoking

< 0.001

0.948

  education→household members smoking→desriptive norms→subjective norms→indoor smoking

−0.001^*

0.028

0.7%

  education→workplace smoking policies→descriptive norms→subjective norms→indoor smoking

−0.002^*

0.041

1.3%

Among working mothers who smoke

Estimate

P-value

The proportion to the total effect

 Total

−0.234^*

< 0.001

 Direct

−0.140

0.055

 Total indirect

−0.094^*

< 0.001

40.2%

  education→household members smoking→indoor smoking

−0.028

0.063

  education→descriptive norms→indoor smoking

−0.035^*

0.026

15.0%

  education→subjective norms→indoor smoking

−0.024

0.104

  education→workplace smoking policies→indoor smoking

< 0.001

0.97

  education→household members smoking→descriptive norms→indoor smoking

0.002

0.261

  education→workplace smoking policies→descriptive norms→indoor smoking

−0.003

0.199

  education→household members smoking→subjective norms→indoor smoking

< 0.001

0.866

  education→desriptive norms→subjective norms→indoor smoking

−0.006

0.109

  education→workplace smoking policies→subjective norms→indoor smoking

−0.002

0.287

  education→household members smoking→desriptive norms→subjective norms→indoor smoking

< 0.001

0.303

  education→workplace smoking policies→descriptive norms→subjective norms→indoor smoking

< 0.001

0.252