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Table 4 Risk of abuse and associated factors. Logistic regression models: univariate, multivariate with all the variables and multivariate with significant variables

From: Family caregiver mistreatment of the elderly: prevalence of risk and associated factors

 

Crude Univariate LRa

Multivariate LR Enter Method

Multivariate LR Final Modeld

Variables

ORb (IC95%)c

OR (IC95%)

OR (IC95%)

Gender, caregiver

Male

1

1

 

Female

1.31 (0.88-1.94)

0.97 (0.56-1.68)

 

Age, caregiver

20-44 y.

1

1

 

45-64 y.

0.73 (0.39-1.37)

0.54 (0.23-1.26)

 

65-74 y.

0.84 (0.43-1.65)

0.78 (0.32-1.90)

 

75+ y

0.54 (0.27-1.08)

0.51 (0.20-1.27)

 

Gender, care-recipient

Male

1

1

 

Female

1.08 (0.80- 1.47)

1.1 (0.70-1.71)

 

Age, care-recipient

< 80 y.

1

1

 

80-89 y.

0.90 (0.64-1.28)

0.78 (0.48-1.29)

 

90+ y

0.81 (0.55-1.20)

0.57 (0.32-0.99)

 

Previous relationship

Good/Very good

1

1

1

Fair

2.14 (1.36-3.38)

1.50 (0.85-2.65)

1.54 (0.90-2.62)

Poor/Very poor

12.72 (3.69-43.87)

4.13 (1.04-16.36)

4.66 (1.25-17.42)

Positive aspects of caregiving scale

1st quartile (min)

1

1

 

2nd quartile

0.62 (0.42-0.92)

0.61 (0.37-1.02)

 

3rd quartile

0.43 (0.28-0.67)

0.56 (0.32-0.98)

 

4th quartile (max)

0.30 (0.19-0.45)

0.58 (0.34-0.99)

 

Has someone to count on

No

1

1

 

Yes

0.66 (0.47-0.92)

0.72 (0.47-1.12)

 

Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire

Intact cognition

1

1

 

Mild Impairment

1.36 (0.85-2.18)

1.25 (0.67-2.31)

 

Moderate Impairment

1.07 (0.69-1.66)

1.08 (0.61-1.91)

 

Severe Impairment

0.77 (0.51-1.15)

1.20 (0.69-2.07)

 

Barthel Index

Moderate dependence

1

1

 

Severe dependence

0.63 (0.44-0.91)

0.63 (0.39-1.00)

 

Total dependence

0.47 (0.33-0.66)

0.58 (0.36-0.92)

 

Goldberg depression

No

1

1

 

Yes

2.55 (1.85-3.53)

0.97 (0.62-1.53)

 

Goldberg Anxiety

No

1

1

1

Yes

3.49 (2.54-4.81)

1.91 (1.22-2.98)

2.06 (1.40-3.02)

Zarit Burden Scale

No burden

1

1

1

Burden

4.82 (3.25-7.15)

2.80 (1.68-4.68)

2.75 (1.74-4.34)

Caregivers’ perception of aggressive behavior in the care recipient

No

1

1

1

Yes

9.02 (6.35-12.80)

7.05 (4.70-10.58)

7.24 (4.99-10.52)

  1. aLR Logistic regression, bOR Odds Ratio, cIC95% 95% confidence interval. dForward conditional approach Hosmer & Lemeshow test sig:0.74; N = 788
  2. Positive aspects of caregiving scale of 9 items (range 5 to 45). Higher scores indicate greater perceived PAC
  3. Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire of 10 items (range 0 from 10). Higher scores indicate worse mental status
  4. Barthel Index. Values range from 0 (completely dependent) to 100 (completely Independent)
  5. Goldberg depression of 9 items (range from 0 to 9). Values ≥2 have 50% chance of having clinically important disturbance. Goldberg Anxiety of 9 items (range from 0 to 9). Values ≥5 have 50% chance of having clinically important disturbance
  6. Zarit Burden Scale of 9 items. Values range from 5 to 45. Higher scores indicate more burden