Table 1 Caregiver characteristics and risk of abuse
From: Family caregiver mistreatment of the elderly: prevalence of risk and associated factors
| Â | Total sample | Total Risk of abuse | Physical/psychological | Neglect | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N = 829 N (%) | High N (%) | Low N (%) | High N (%) | Low N (%) | High N (%) | Low N (%) | ||
Gender N = 829 | Male | 143 (17.2) | 41 (28.7) | 102 (71.3) | 45 (31.5) | 98 (68.5) | 71 (49.7) | 72 (50.3) |
Female | 686 (82.8) | 236 (34.4) | 450 (65.6) | 255 (37.2) | 431 (62.8) | 379 (55.2) | 307 (44.8) | |
Age (years) N = 829 | 20-44 y. | 44 (5.3) | 18 (59.1) | 26 (40.9) | 19 (43.2) | 25 (56.8) | 21 (47.7) | 23 (52.3) |
45-64 y. | 433 (52.2) | 145 (33.5) | 288 (66.5) | 163 (37.6) | 270 (62.4) | 239 (55.2) | 194 (44.8) | |
65-74 y. | 179 (21.6) | 66 (36.9) | 113 (63.1) | 68 (38.0) | 111 (62.0) | 91 (50.8) | 88 (49.2) | |
75+ y | 173 (20.9) | 48 (27.7) | 125 (72.3) | 50 (28.9) | 123 (71.1) | 99 (57.2) | 74 (42.8) | |
Live together N = 812 | Yes | 710 (87.4) | 240 (33.8) | 470 (66.2) | 258 (36.3) | 452 (63.7) | 386 (54.4) | 324 (45.6) |
No | 102 (12.6) | 33 (32.4) | 69 (67.6) | 38 (37.3) | 64 (62.7) | 60 (58.8) | 42 (41.2) | |
Relationship N = 829 | Partner | 265 (32.0) | 86 (32.5) | 179 (67.5) | 90 (34.0) | 175 (66.0) | 153 (57.7) | 112 (42.3) |
Children | 481 (58.0) | 162 (33.7) | 319 (66.3) | 176 (36.6) | 305 (63.4) | 253 (52.6) | 228 (47.4) | |
Siblings | 21 (2.5) | 8 (38.1) | 13 (61.9) | 8 (38.1) | 13 (61.9) | 11 (52.4) | 10 (47.6) | |
Others | 62 (7.5) | 21 (33.9) | 41 (66.1) | 26 (41.9) | 36 (58.1) | 33 (52.2) | 29 (49.8) | |
Education N = 822 | Incomplete | 493 (60.0) | 167 (33.9) | 326 (66.1) | 181 (36.7) | 312 (63.3) | 265 (53.8) | 228 (46.2) |
Primary | 116 (14.1) | 37 (31.9) | 79 (68.1) | 44 (37.9) | 72 (62.2) | 61 (52.6) | 55 (47.4) | |
Secondary | 159 (19.3) | 55 (34.6) | 104 (65.4) | 58 (36.5) | 101 (63.5) | 92 (57.9) | 67 (42.1) | |
University | 54 (6.6) | 16 (29.6) | 38 (70.4) | 15 (27.8) | 39 (72.2) | 28 (51.9) | 26 (48.1) | |
Remunerated work N = 818 | Yes | 179 (21.9) | 67 (37.4) | 112 (62.6) | 71 (39.7) | 108 (60.3) | 104 (58.1) | 75 (41.9) |
No | 639 (78.1) | 208 (32.6) | 431 (67.4) | 226 (35.4) | 413 (64.6) | 340 (53.2) | 299 (46.8) | |
Own income N = 821 | Yes | 525 (63.9) | 184 (35.0) | 341 (65.0) | 188 (35.8) | 337 (64.2) | 290 (55.2) | 235 (44.8) |
No | 296 (36.1) | 90 (30.4) | 206 (69.6) | 109 (36.8) | 187 (63.2) | 155 (52.4) | 141 (47.6) | |
Years of care N = 817 | Mean (SD) | 8.4 (7.4) | 8.3 (6.3) | 8.4 (7.8) | 8.1 (6.3) | 8.6 (7.9) | 8.7 (7.6) | 8.1 (7.0) |
Hours a day dedicated to care N = 822 | Mean (SD) | 17.6 (7.5) | 17.7 (7.1) | 17.6 (7.7) | 17.5 (7.2) | 17.7 (7.7) | 17.7 (7.5) | 17.6 (7.7) |
Previous relationship N = 805 | Good | 701 (87.1) | 216 (30.8)** | 485 (69.2) | 230 (32.8)** | 471 (67.2) | 370 (52.8)* | 331 (47.2) |
Fair | 84 (10.4) | 41 (48.8) | 43 (51.2) | 48 (57.1) | 36 (42.9) | 50 (59.5) | 34 (40.5) | |
Poor | 20 (2.5) | 17 (85.0) | 3 (15.0) | 18 (90.0) | 2 (10.0) | 16 (80.0) | 4 (20.0) | |
Positive aspects of care N = 816 | 1st quartile (min) | 188 (23.0) | 91 (48.4)** | 97 (51.6) | 91 (48.4)** | 97 (51.6) | 127 (67.6)** | 61 (32.4) |
2nd quartile | 215 (26.3) | 79 (36.7) | 136 (63.3) | 94 (43.7) | 121 (56.3) | 104 (48.4) | 111 (51.6) | |
3rd quartile | 173 (21.2) | 50 (28.9) | 123 (71.1) | 52 (30.1) | 121 (69.9) | 109 (63.0) | 64 (37.0) | |
4th quartile (max) | 240 (29.4) | 52 (21.7) | 188 (78.3) | 59 (24.6) | 181 (75.4) | 104 (43.3) | 136 (56.7) | |
Has someone to count on N = 815 | Yes | 624 (76.6) | 198 (31.7)* | 426 (68.3) | 215 (34.5)* | 409 (65.5) | 330 (52.9)* | 294 (47.1) |
No | 191 (23.4) | 79 (41.4) | 112 (58.6) | 82 (42.9) | 109 (57.1) | 118 (61.8) | 73 (38.2) | |
Zarit burden scale N = 820 | Burden | 559 (68.2) | 239 (42,8)** | 320 (58.6) | 248 (44.4) | 311 (56.6) | 363 (64.9)** | 196 (35.1) |
No burden | 261 (31.8) | 35 (13.4) | 226 (86.6) | 49 (18.8) | 212 (81.2) | 80 (30.7) | 181 (69.3) | |
Goldberg depression scale N = 785 | Depressed | 463 (59.0) | 190 (41.1)** | 273 (59.9) | 190 (41.0)** | 273 (59.0) | 300 (64.8)** | 163 (35.2) |
Not depressed | 322 (41.0) | 69 (21.4) | 253 (78.6) | 90 (28.0) | 232 (72.0) | 123 (38.2) | 199 (61.8) | |
Goldberg anxiety scale N = 813 | Anxious | 448 (55.1) | 205 (45.8)** | 243 (54.2) | 210 (46.9)** | 238 (53.1) | 300 (67.0)** | 148 (33.0) |
Not anxious | 365 (44.9) | 71 (19.5) | 294 (80.5) | 89 (24.4) | 276 (75.6) | 144 (39.5) | 221 (60.5) | |
Caregivers’ perception of aggressive behavior in the care recipient N = 829 | 1+ positive responses | 404 (48.7) | 225 (55.7)** | 179 (44.3) | 246 (60.9)** | 158 (39.1) | 258 (63.9)** | 146 (36.1) |
0 positive responses | 425 (51.3) | 52 (12.2) | 373 (87.8) | 54 (12.7) | 371 (87.3) | 192 (45.2) | 233 (54.8) | |