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Table 1 Baseline socio-demographic and university-related sample characteristics, stratified by gender (n = 1891)

From: Waterpipe and cigarette tobacco smoking among Palestinian university students: a cross-sectional study

Characteristic

Total (n = 1891)

Women (n = 962)

Men (n = 929)

N

%

%

%

Locality

 Urban

1108

58.6

61.7*

55.3*

 Rural

590

31.2

29.3

33.2

 Camp

193

10.2

8.9

11.5

Geographic area of residence

 North West Bank

370

19.6

13.4***

25.9***

 Central West Bank

360

19.0

20.5

17.5

 South West Bank

391

20.7

29.7

11.3

 North Gaza Strip

121

6.4

4.6

8.3

 Central Gaza Strip

514

27.2

24.6

29.8

 South Gaza Strip

135

7.1

7.2

7.1

Living arrangement

 With family

1660

87.9

90.7***

84.9***

 Other

229

12.1

9.3

15.1

Employment status

 Employed

262

13.9

5.3***

22.7***

 Not employed

1629

86.1

94.7

77.3

Father’s highest educational attainment

 Less than high school

429

22.7

23.4

22.0

 High school

439

23.2

24.1

22.3

 Higher than high school

1023

54.1

52.5

55.8

Mother’s highest educational attainment

 Less than high school

580

30.7

29.5

31.9

 High school

604

31.9

32.3

31.5

 Higher than high school

707

37.4

38.1

36.6

Self-rated financial status

 Poor

556

30.5

26.2***

34.9***

 Good

686

37.6

39.0

36.2

 Very good

582

31.9

34.8

28.9

University attended

 AAUJ a

384

20.3

13.9***

26.9***

 Birzeit University

384

20.3

21.0

19.6

 Hebron University

355

18.8

28.9

8.3

 Al-Azhar University

384

20.3

15.4

25.4

 Islamic University

384

20.3

20.8

19.8

Current year at university

 First

550

29.3

31.2*

27.4*

 Second

434

23.1

22.8

23.5

 Third

433

23.1

24.3

21.8

 Fourth and above

460

24.5

21.8

27.4

Current faculty of study

 Arts & humanities

1005

54.3

56.7***

51.9***

 Sciences

520

28.1

22.4

34.0

 Health sciences

325

17.6

21.0

14.1

Self-reported academic achievement

 GPAb ≤ 69.9

185

10.0

6.9***

13.2***

 GPA 70.0–79.9

966

52.0

48.4

55.7

 GPA ≥ 80.0

708

38.1

44.8

31.1

  1. a AAUJ Arab American University of Jenin
  2. b GPA Grade point average
  3. *Significant at the <0.05 level
  4. ***Significant at the <0.001 level