Table 2 Cereal foods consumed by Western Australian adults, Western Australian Nutrition Monitoring Survey Series (NMSS)
1995 % [CI] | 1998 % [CI] | 2001 % [CI] | 2004 % [CI] | 2009 % [CI] | 2012 % [CI] | p valueb | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Proportion consuming | |||||||
Bread (n = 7040) | 88.4 [86.1,90.3] | 87.2 [84.7,89.4] | 82.9 [80.2,85.3] | 78.5 [75.6,81.2] | 75.9 [72.8,78.7] | 70.4 [67.4,73.2] | <.001 |
Breakfast cereal (n = 7043) | 51.9 [48.4,55.3] | 46.7 [43.4,50.0] | 48 [44.6,51.4] | 50.5 [47.1,53.9] | 50.6 [47.3,53.9] | 51.2 [48.0,54.3] | .36 |
Rice (n = 7037) | 22.7 [19.8,25.8] | 21.3 [18.7,24.2] | 22.0 [19.3,24.9] | 25.2 [22.3,28.4] | 27.5 [24.5,30.7] | 25.7 [23.1,28.6] | .02 |
Bread substitute (n = 7042) | 21.6 [18.9,24.5] | 21.1 [18.5,23.8] | 20.4 [17.9,23.1] | 24.1 [21.4,27.1] | 21.7 [19.2,24.5] | 21.7 [19.1,24.5] | .64 |
Pasta (n = 7038) | 19 [16.5,21.7] | 22.5 [19.9,25.5] | 25.2 [22.3,28.3] | 22.1 [19.4,25.1] | 20.3 [17.8,23.0] | 19.1 [16.7,21.8] | .03 |
Main type of bread (consumers only, n = 5589) | <.001 | ||||||
White | 42.4 [38.8,46.1] | 46.9 [43.3,50.4] | 58 [54.4,61.5] | 47.9 [44.1,51.7] | 30.3 [27.0,33.9] | 31.5 [28.1,35.1] | |
Brown or wholemeal | 28.9 [25.7,32.3] | 23.4 [20.7,26.4] | 15.7 [13.4,18.3] | 22.9 [19.9,26.2] | 26.4 [23.3,29.8] | 24.2 [21.1,27.6] | |
Multigrain or whole-grain | 17.1 [14.5,20.0] | 18.6 [16.1,21.4] | 11.9 [9.8,14.4] | 19.3 [16.5,22.4] | 36.7 [33.1,40.4] | 35.1 [31.6,38.8] | |
White with extra fibre | 8.8 [7.0,11.1] | 8.7 [6.9,10.9] | 8.4 [6.6,10.7] | 5.6 [4.0,7.8] | 2.7 [1.8,3.9] | 6.0 [4.6,7.8] | |
Other | 2.8 [1.9,4.2] | 2.4 [1.6,3.6] | 6.1 [4.6,8.0] | 4.3 [3.1,6.2] | 3.9 [2.8,5.5] | 3.2 [2.2,4.7] | |
Type of rice consumed (consumers only, n = 1511) | .46 | ||||||
White | 87.5 [82.2,91.4] | 87.3 [82.0,91.2] | 85.7 [79.4,90.4] | 88.2 [82.6,92.2] | 89.9 [86.0,92.8] | 85.3 [80.5,89.1] | |
Brown | 12.5 [8.6,17.8] | 11.5 [7.7,16.7] | 11.7 [7.5,17.7] | 10.5 [6.7,15.9] | 8.3 [5.7,12.0] | 13.2 [9.6,17.8] | |
Both | 0 | 1.2 [0.4,3.8] | 2.6 [1.0,6.4] | 1.3 [0.4,4.3] | 1.8 [0.9,3.8] | 1.5 [0.7,3.4] | |
Type of pasta consumed (consumers only, n = 1382) | .48 | ||||||
Regular | 91.9 [86.8,95.2] | 91.7 [87.0,94.8] | 95.3 [91.8,97.4] | 96.5 [92.2,98.5] | 92.7 [88.0,95.6] | 90.7 [86.3,93.8] | |
Wholemeal | 6.5 [3.7,11.2] | 7.3 [4.4,11.9] | 3.2 [1.6,6.4] | 3.3 [1.3,7.7] | 6.4 [3.6,10.9] | 7.8 [4.9,12.1] | |
Both | 1.6 [0.4,5.7] | 1 [0.2,3.8] | 1.4 [0.5,4.0] | 0.2 [0.0,1.5] | 1 [0.2,4.0] | 1.5 [0.6,3.6] | |
Proportion consuming whole-grain cereals (brown bread, wholemeal bread, multigrain bread, whole-grain bread, brown rice, wholemeal pasta, n = 7044) | |||||||
No whole-grain cereals | 51.1 [47.6,54.5] | 54.6 [51.3,57.9] | 65.6 [62.3,68.6] | 53.0 [49.6,56.3] | 38.2 [35.0,41.6] | 37.2 [44.6,47.5] | <.001 |
Any whole-grain cereals | 42.5 [39.1,45.9] | 39.0 [35.8,42.2] | 25.6 [22.8,28.5] | 34.4 [31.3, 37.6] | 49.9 [42.6, 48.9] | 45.7 [42.6, 48.9] | |
Missing data | 6.4 [5.8,8.2] | 6.4 [4.9,8.3] | 8.9 [7.1,11.0] | 12.7 [10.6,15.0] | 11.9 [10.0,14.0] | 17.1 [14.8,19.6] | |
Amount consumed (among consumers) a | |||||||
Bread (slices), n = 5590 | 4.1 [3.7,4.4] | 4.1 [4,4.3] | 3.2 [3,3.4] | 3.1 [3,3.2] | 3.5 [2.1,4.8] | 2.4 [2.3,2.5] | <.001 |
Bread substitute (serve), n = 1600 | 2.4 [2.0,2.7] | 2.7 [2.2,3.2] | 3.2 [2.7,3.6] | 3.6 [2.9,4.3] | 3.7 [2.9,4.5] | 3.6 [3.0,4.3] | <.001 |
Rice (cups), n = 1768 | 1.5 [1.3,1.6] | 1.4 [1.3,1.5] | 1.4 [1.3,1.5] | 1.3 [1.2,1.5] | 1.1 [1.0,1.2] | 1.1 [1.0,1.2] | <.001 |
Pasta (cups), n = 1439 | 1.5 [1.4,1.7] | 1.5 [1.4,1.7] | 1.8 [1.6,2.0] | 1.4 [1.3,1.6] | 1.3 [1.2,1.4] | 1.3 [1.2,1.4] | <.001 |
Cereal (cups), n = 3552 | 1.9 [1.8,2.1] | 1.9 [1.8,2] | 2.1 [1.9,2.3] | 2.0 [1.8,2.2] | 1.8 [1.7,2] | 1.8 [1.7,1.9] | .07 |