Table 4 Demographic, behavioural and analytical characteristics of the Metabolic Syndrome subjects
From: The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in Portugal: the PORMETS study
With MetS | Without MetS | Prevalence ratio (95%CI) a | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender Men | 656 (39.0) | 1026 (61.0) | * | |
Women | 938 (40.7) | 1367 (59.3) | 1.15 (1.07–1.23) | < 0.001 |
Age [years, n (%)] 18–30 | 21 (5.0) | 402 (95.0) | * | |
31–40 | 87 (16.0) | 458 (84.0) | 3.20 (2.02–5.06) | < 0.001 |
41–50 | 222 (30.5) | 506 (69.5) | 6.09 (3.96–9.37) | < 0.001 |
51–60 | 391 (47.3) | 435 (52.7) | 9.52 (6.23–14.53) | < 0.001 |
61–70 | 467 (58.5) | 331 (41.5) | 11.91 (7.82–18.15) | < 0.001 |
> 70 | 406 (60.9) | 261 (39.1) | 12.40 (8.14–18.90) | <0.001 |
Education [years, n (%)] 0–4 | 1054 (53.2) | 929 (46.8) | 1.11 (0.97–1.28) | 0.137 |
5–12 | 415 (27.1) | 1116 (72.9) | 1.03 (0.89–1.20) | 0.678 |
> 12 | 125 (26.4) | 348 (73.6) | * | |
Marital status Single/divorced/widower | 377 (34.6) | 713 (65.4) | * | |
Married | 1211 (41.9) | 1676 (58.1) | 0.99 (0.92–1.08) | 0.869 |
Occupation [n (%)] Student | 2 (2.4) | 81 (97.6) | 0.54 (0.14–2.09) | 0.372 |
Unemployed | 72 (36.2) | 127 (63.8) | 1.26 (1.03–1.53) | 0.024 |
Housewife | 195 (48.4) | 208 (51.6) | 1.23 (1.05–1.43) | 0.010 |
Retired | 703 (58.4) | 500 (41.6) | 1.16 (1.00–1.35) | 0.046 |
Blue-collar | 251 (29.4) | 602 (70.6) | 1.03 (0.81–1.20) | 0.684 |
White-collar | 193 (24.1) | 607 (75.9) | * | |
Smoking status [n (%)] Smoker | 137 (24.2) | 429 (75.8) | 0.85 (0.73–0.98) | 0.027 |
Ex-smoker | 245 (42.8) | 327 (57.2) | 1.00 (0.90–1.11) | 0.977 |
Non-smoker | 1198 (43.1) | 1580 (56.9) | * | |
Physical exercise [n (%)] No | 1232 (42.9) | 1638 (57.1) | 1.18 (1.08–1.29) | <0.001 |
Yes | 338 (31.9) | 722 (68.1) | * | |
Residence [n (%)] Non-urban | 835 (43.4) | 1087 (56.6) | 1.13 (1.05–1.20) | 0.001 |
Urban | 759 (36.8) | 1306 (63.2) | * | |
Weight [kg, Mean (SE)] | 78.5 (13.6) | 68.1 (12.3) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | <0.001 |
Body mass index [kg/m2, Mean (SE)] | 30.0 (4.4) | 25.6 (4.0) | 1.09 (1.08–1.10) | <0.001 |
Waist circumference [cm, Mean (SE)] | 101.4 (10.1) | 88.2 (11.0) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | <0.001 |
Hip circumference [cm, Mean (SE)] | 108.2 (9.4) | 100.5 (8.5) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | <0.001 |
Total cholesterol [mg/dL, Mean (SE)] | 211.6 (43.0) | 207.1 (41.1) | 1.04 (0.96–1.13) | 0.305 |
HDL cholesterol [mg/dL, Mean (SE)] | 43.2 (11.0) | 51.0 (12.5) | 0.81 (0.65–1.06) | 0.067 |
Triglycerides [mg/dL, Mean (SE)] | 159.0 (86.4) | 99.8 (46.3) | 1.28 (1.24–1.32) | <0.001 |
Glucose [mg/dL, Mean (SE)] | 105.5 (35.7) | 83.1 (16.1) | 1.11 (1.07–1.15) | <0.001 |
Insulin [μU/ml, Median (P25 -P75)] | 9.99 (6.80–14.30) | 6.50 (4.40–9.50) | 1.03 (1.03–1.04) | <0.001 |
hs-CRP [mg/L, Median (P25 -P75)] | 0.22 (0.10–0.47) | 0.13 (0.06–0.29) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.107 |
HOMA –IR [Median (P25 -P75)] | 2.43 (1.58–3.72) | 1.32 (0.86–1.96) | 1.09 (1.07–1.10) | <0.001 |
Diabetes [n (%)] | 451 (76.8) | 136 (23.2) | 1.65 (1.55–1.75) | < 0.001 |
Previous myocardial infarction [n (%)] | 115 (69.3) | 51 (30.7) | 1.26 (1.14–1.40) | <0.001 |
Previous stroke [n (%)] | 138 (63.3) | 80 (36.7) | 1.19 (1.07–1.31) | 0.001 |