The influence of dog ownership on objective measures of free-living physical activity and sedentary behaviour in community-dwelling older adults: a longitudinal case-controlled study

Table 2 Physical activity and sedentary behaviour of dog owners and non-dog owners

	Dog owners	Non dog owners	Difference (DO - NDO)	p-value
Number of steps [/day] ^a,b	10,030 (9063, 11,101)	7269 (6548, 8069)	2762 (1667, 3991)	<0.001
Time walking [min/day] ^a,b	119 (109, 131)	96 (88, 106)	23 (12, 36)	<0.001
Time walking at a moderate cadence [min/day] ^a,b	32 (23, 43)	11 (8, 15)	21 (12, 34)	<0.001
Time standing [hours/day] ^b	4.44 (4.13, 4.75)	4.35 (4.04, 4.66)	0.09 (−0.22, 0.40)	0.566
Time sedentary [hours/day]	9.94 (9.54, 10.35)	10.25 (9.84, 10.66	−0.31 (−0.75, 0.13)	0.163
Number of sedentary events [/day] ^a,b	44 (41, 47)	52 (48, 57)	−8 (−12, −5)	<0.001
Time in prolonged sedentary bouts [hours/day] ^b	5.89 (5.39, 6.39)	5.45 (4.94, 5.96)	0.44 (−0.05, 0.93)	0.081
Number of prolonged sedentary events [/day]	5.82 (5.43, 6.22)	5.75 (5.35, 6.15)	0.07 (−0.38, 0.52)	0.756

Estimated group means. Data are presented as mean (95% Confidence interval), difference in means (95% Confidence Interval of difference) between groups (dog owners – non dog owners) and p-value of comparison. For outcome variables that were log₁₀ transformed, differences in means have been calculate from fold changes.
DO dog owners, NDO non dog owners.
^adata log¹⁰ transformed prior to analysis
^bmodel allowed hetergeniety of do ownership group variances

ISSN: 1471-2458