Skip to main content

Table 3 The association between driver hand-held cell phone conversations and state legislation stratified by sex

From: Hand-held cell phone use while driving legislation and observed driver behavior among population sub-groups in the United States

Characteristic

Total Na

Percent of drivers holding phone to earb

Crude Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Limit)c

Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Limit)c

P-valued

Hand-held phone ban in male drivers

      

<0.0001

 No

106,969

4.9

1.00

(Referent)

1.00

(Referent)

 

 Yes

45,615

2.4

0.50

(0.43, 0.58)

0.47

(0.40, 0.55)

 

Hand-held phone ban in female drivers

       

 No

77,026

8.0

1.00

(Referent)

1.00

(Referent)

 

 Yes

34,063

3.0

0.36

(0.31, 0.43)

0.34

(0.28, 0.41)

 
  1. aThe total number of drivers with the specified characteristic by presence/absence of hand-held cell phone use while driving legislation
  2. bPercentage of drivers who were observed engaging in hand-held cell phone conversations by presence/absence of hand-held cell phone use while driving legislation
  3. cAll crude and adjusted odds ratios were calculated using logistic regression for complex surveys; adjusted models controlled for year, age, race, urbanicity of location, seatbelt use, vehicle type, presence of universal texting ban (binary), presence of young driver all cell phone ban (binary), non-universal texting while driving law (binary), and the number of cell phone subscriptions per 100 residents
  4. dThe p-value presented is from the interaction term which assessed the relationship between the sub-group and hand-held CPWD ban