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Table 4 Models of children’s and young people’s health literacy (grouped according to target group and alphabetical order)

From: Health literacy in childhood and youth: a systematic review of definitions and models

No

Author

Target group (TG) as expressed by papers

HL definition (Source: primary = by same author as model); secondary = different source)

Primary purpose of study

Context in which or for which developed/tested

Models described specificities of TG

TG participation in development

Empirically tested?

Children & Primary and Lower Secondary School Students

1

Brown et al. [32]

Exemplary for the US NHES [37]

Students, grade 5-8, Age 9-13

Primary (see Table 2)

Operationalization:

Conceptual base for measurement tool

(School) health education

Yes

No

Yes

2

Paek et al. [28]

Students, grade 7, Age 12-13

Secondary (WHO, 1998)

Conceptualization; explorative & testing

Health

Socialization

Yes

Yes

Yes

3

Schmidt et al. [25]

Children, grade 5, 9–13 years

Secondary (Nutbeam, 2008)

Operationalization:

Effect model for intervention study

(School) health education

Yes

No

Yes

Young people & Secondary School Students

 

4

Manganello [21]

Young people, n.s.

Secondary (IOM, 2004)

Conceptualization;

Explorative

Health care; Disease prevention

Yes

No

No

5

Massey et al. [33]

Young people, aged 13-17

Primary (see Table 2)

Conceptualization inductive and explorative

Health care system

Yes

Yes

No

6

Paakkari & Paakkari [8]

Students, n.s.

Primary (see Table 2)

Conceptualization;

theoretical exploration

(School) health education

Yes

No

No

7

Rask, Uusiautti, Määttä, [29]

Secondary school students, aged app. 18-20

Secondary, WHO (1998), as cited by Mancuso (2009)

Conceptualization; inductive

(School) health education

No

Yes

No

8

Steckelberg et al. [22]

Students, grade 11, Age 16-18

Secondary (IOM, 2004)

Operationalization:

Effect model for intervention study

School curricula programme

Yes

No

Yes

9

Subramaniam et al. [26]

Young people, aged 10-15

Secondary (NAAL, 2013)

Operationalization:

Deductive for intervention testing & evaluation

School health programme

Yes

No

Yes

10

Wharf Higgins, Begoray, & MacDonald [27]

Students, grade 10 (Canadian system)

Secondary (e.g. Kickbusch, 2007)

Conceptualization;

inductive and testing

School health education

Yes

No

Yes

11

Wu et al. [18]

Students, grade 10 (Canadian system)

Primary (see Table 2)

Operationalization: Conceptual base for scale development

School health education

Yes

No

Yes

Different age groups or considering a life course perspective

12

Lenartz et al. [38, 69] DE

General population, empirically tested for young people 17-21.

Secondary (Soellner et al., 2009)

Conceptualization; inductive and testing

Different health related domains

No

No

Yes

13

Mancuso [34]

Population across the life course, n.s.

Primary (see Table 2)

Conceptualization; explorative

Different health related domains

No

No

No

14

Martin & Chen [24]

Population across the life course

None stated

Conceptualization; explorative

Impact factors on child health

No

No

No

15

Nutbeam [35]

General population, focus upon health education

Primary (see Table 2)

Conceptualization; explorative

Public health; different health related domains

No

No

Yes

16

Sanders et al. [5, 31]

Children at different ages

Secondary (IOM, 2004)

Conceptualization; explorative

Different health related domains

Yes

No

No

17

Soellner et al. [36] DE

General population, including young people

Primary (see Table 2)

Conceptualization; inductive and testing

Different health related domains

No

No

Yes

18

Sørensen et al. [10]

Population across the life course, n.s.

Primary (see Table 2)

Conceptualization; explorative & testing

Health care; Disease prevention; Health Promotion

No

No

Yes

19

Wolf et al. [23]

Population across the life course, n.s.

Secondary (IOM, 2004)

Conceptualization;

Explorative

Health care

No

No

No

20

Zarcadoolas, et al. [4]

Population across the life course, n.s.

Primary (see Table 2)

Conceptualization; inductive and explorative

Public Health

No

No

No

21

Zeyer & Odermatt [30] DE

Students, n.s

Secondary (HCC-Lab, 2005)

Conceptualization; explorative

(School) health education/biology

No

No

No