Skip to main content

Table 2 Basic descriptive of African ASRs in Hong Kong, assessing different demographic factors and intermediary determinants of health as defined by the CSDH framework (Solar & Irwin [16]). (n = 374)

From: Mental health of African asylum-seekers and refugees in Hong Kong: using the social determinants of health framework

Socio-demographics characteristics

 Gender

  Male

292 (78.1%)

  Female

82 (21.9%)

 Age Group (Mean: 31.52, SD: ±7.41)

  18–27years

107 (28.6%)

  28–37years

194 (51.9%)

  38–47years

66 (17.6%)

  48years +

7 (1.9%)

 Place of origin

  North Africa

13 (3.5%)

  East Africa

131 (35.0%)

  Central Africa

69 (18.4%)

  South Africa

10 (2.7%)

  Western Africa

151 (40.4%)

 Length of Residence in Hong Kong

  Less than 5 years

280 (74.9%)

  5 to 10 years

89 (23.8%)

  11years plus

5 (1.3%)

Intermediarydeterminants of health

 Material/Living Circumstances

  Problems with Accommodation

   No

80 (21.4%)

   Yes

294 (78.6%)

  Problems with food packages

   No

132 (35.3%)

   Yes

242 (64.7%)

  Problems with case officer

   No

174 (46.5%)

   Yes

200 (53.5%)

 Biological/Behavioural Circumstances

  Alcohol consumptiona,b

   None

268 (71.7%)

   Infrequently

57 (15.2%)

   Frequently

49 (13.1%)

  Smokinga,c

 

   None

260 (69.5%)

   Light Smoker

24 (6.4%)

   Heavy Smoker

90 (24.1%)

  Recreational Drugsa

 

   No

342 (91.4%)

   Yes

32 (8.6%)

  Exercisea,d

   Little or none

276 (73.8%)

   Frequent

98 (26.2%)

  Multiple Sex partnersa

   None

201 (53.7%)

   Only one

117 (31.3%)

   More than one

56 (15.0%)

  Illness, Injury, or symptomsa

   No

193 (51.6%)

   Yes

181 (48.4%)

  Chronic illness

   No

223 (59.6%)

   Yes

151 (40.4%)

Psychosocial Factors

 Religion

  Atheist

14 (3.7%)

  Christian/Catholic

211 (56.4%)

  Muslim

142 (38.0%)

  Other

7 (1.9%)

 Marital Status

  Single

252 (67.4%)

  Married

71 (19.0%)

  Divorced/Separated/Widowed

51 (13.6%)

 Living Companion

 

  Alone

286 (76.5%)

  With Family

65 (17.4%)

  With Others

23 (6.1%)

 PHQ-2 Score (Cut off at 2)

  Below 2

239 (63.9%)

  Equal or above 2

135 (36.1%)

 General healthe

  Very Good/Excellent

72 (19.2%)

  Good

114 (30.5%)

  Fair/Poor

188 (50.3%)

 Health vs. locals of same agee

  Better or Much Better

162 (43.3%)

  Same

133 (35.6%)

  Worse or Much Worse

79 (21.1%)

 Health vs. prior arrival in HKe

  Better or Much Better

148 (39.6%)

  Same

110 (29.4%)

  Worse or Much Worse

116 (31.0%)

 PHQ-2 Score (Cut off at 4)

  Below 4

327 (87.4%)

  Equal or above 4

47 (12.6%)

  1. a Reported in the past 30 days; b Alcohol Consumption – None = does not drink, infrequently = <5 drinks/week, Frequently = >5 drinks/week; c Smoking – Light Smokers = <10 cigarettes per day, Heavy Smokers = >10 Cigarettes per day; d Exercise – Little or none = <15 days with exercise, Frequent = >15 days with exercise; e Based on the participants own judgement