Epidemiology and risk factors for pneumonia severity and mortality in Bangladeshi children <5 years of age before 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction

Table 5 Blood culture results, by pneumonia severity

	Pneumonia^a N = 1402 n (%)	Severe pneumonia^a N = 1947 n (%)	Total N = 3349 n (%)
No growth	1307 (93)	1794 (92)	3101 (93)
Contamination^b	76 (5)	110 (8)	186 (7)
Total positive blood cultures	19 (1)	43 (2)	62 (2)
S. pneumoniae	9 (47)	12 (28)	21 (34)
S. typhi	3 (16)	10 (23)	13 (21)
K. pneumoniae	2 (11)	4 (9)	6 (10)
Acinetobacter sp.	0 (0)	4 (9)	4 (6)
S. aureus	2 (11)	2 (5)	4 (6)
Enterobacter sp.	0 (0)	4 (9)	4 (6)
Non-typeable H. influenzae	1 (5)	1 (2)	2 (3)
S. paratyphi-A	1 (5)	2 (5)	3 (5)
Pseudomonas sp.	0 (0)	2 (5)	2 (3)
Salmonella sp.	1 (5)	0 (0)	1 (2)
E.coli	0 (0)	1 (2)	1 (2)
Streptococcus sp.	0 (0)	1 (2)	1 (2)

Percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding
^aCase definitions: 1) Pneumonia: history of coughing or difficulty breathing and age-specific tachypnea without any of the following signs, including inability to drink or breastfeed, vomiting with a final discharge diagnosis code for pneumonia or severe pneumonia, convulsions, prostration/lethargy, chest indrawing, or stridor in a calm child); 2) Severe pneumonia: history of coughing or difficulty breathing and ≥1 of the aforementioned signs. Because the sign, “vomiting everything” was not specifically captured in the abstraction form, we included children with a history of vomiting who also had a final hospitalization diagnosis of pneumonia or severe pneumonia to improve specificity for this sign
^bThe following isolates were considered as contaminants: Streptococci viridans, Micrococcus sp., Bacillus sp., diphtheroids, coagulase-negative staphylococci, and Candida sp.³⁰

ISSN: 1471-2458