Table 4 Factors associated with mortality among children with clinical pneumonia: results of univariable and multivariable analysis
Unadjusted odds ratio (OR) | 95% confidence interval (CI) | Adjusted OR | 95% CI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | ||||
2–5 months | 3.63 | 1.87–7.05 | 3.52 | 1.51-8.18 |
6–11 months | 2.10 | 1.00–4.41 | 2.58 | 1.04-6.41 |
12–59 months | ref | -- | ref | -- |
Low weight for age | 6.30 | 3.59–11.04 | 4.77 | 2.48–9.16 |
Number of family members in household | ||||
2–4 | ref | -- | ref | -- |
≥ 5 | 1.28 | 0.75–2.16 | -- | -- |
Unsafe watera | 2.49 | 1.29–4.83 | 2.17 | 1.02–4.62 |
Non-hygienic latrine | 1.59 | 0.96–2.62 | -- | -- |
Father’s educationb | ||||
None | ref | -- | ref | -- |
Some primary | 0.65 | 0.22–1.98 | -- | -- |
Some secondary | 0.52 | 0.28–0.97 | -- | -- |
Some higher than secondary | 0.23 | 0.11–0.49 | 0.49 | 0.24–0.97 |
Mother’s educationb | ||||
None | ref | -- | ref | -- |
Some primary | 1.27 | 0.48–3.36 | -- | -- |
Some secondary | 0.55 | 0.26–1.15 | -- | -- |
Higher than secondary | 0.25 | 0.09–0.60 | -- | -- |
Severityc | ||||
Mild pneumonia | ref | -- | ref | -- |
Severe pneumonia | 3.02 | 1.57–5.81 | 2.35 | 1.12–4.92 |
Number of co-morbid conditionsd | ||||
0 | ref | -- | ref | -- |
1+ | 6.61 | 3.72–11.75 | 3.19 | 1.68–6.05 |
Pentavalent vaccination status up-to-date for agee | ||||
None | ref | -- | ref | -- |
Partially vaccinated | 0.58 | 0.26–1.30 | -- | -- |
Fully vaccinated | 0.23 | 0.11–0.51 | -- | -- |