Flanders (N = 268) | Wallonia & Brussels (N = 211) | Belgium (N = 479) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n/N | % (95% CI) | n/N | % (95% CI) | n/N | % (95% CI) | |
Men (versus women) | 177/267 | 66.3 (60.3–71.9) | 138/207 | 66.7 (59.8–73.0) | 315/474 | 66.5 (62.0–70.7) |
Age in years | ||||||
<25 | 16/268 | 6.0 (3.5–9.5) | 8/211 | 3.8 (1.7–7.3) | 24/479 | 5.0 (3.2–7.4) |
25–34 | 40/268 | 14.9 (10.9–19.8) | 42/211 | 19.9 (14.7–25.9) | 82/479 | 17.1 (13.9–20.8) |
35–44 | 50/268 | 18.7 (14.2–23.8) | 46/211 | 21.8 (16.4–28.0) | 96/479 | 20.0 (16.5–23.9) |
45–54 | 102/268 | 38.1 (32.2–44.2) | 64/211 | 30.3 (24.2–37.0) | 166/479 | 34.7 (30.4–39.1) |
55–64 | 60/268 | 22.4 (17.5–27.9) | 51/211 | 24.2 (18.6–30.5) | 111/479 | 23.2 (19.5–27.2) |
Type of substance use | ||||||
Alcohol alone | 142/268 | 53.0 (46.8–59.1) | 84/211 | 39.8 (33.1–46.8) | 226/479 | 47.2 (42.6–51.8) |
Prescription drugs | 53/268 | 19.4 (14.8–24.7) | 44/211 | 20.9 (15.6–27.0) | 97/479 | 20.3 (16.5–23.9) |
Illicit drugs, excluding heroin and methadone | 54/268 | 20.1 (15.5–25.5) | 26/211 | 12.3 (8.2–17.5) | 80/479 | 16.7 (13.5–20.3) |
Heroin or methadone | 19/268 | 7.1 (4.3–10.9) | 57/211 | 27.0 (21.1–33.5) | 76/479 | 15.9 (12.7–19.5) |
Substance use characteristics | ||||||
Abstinence from substances in last 4 weeks | 108/268 | 40.3 (34.4–46.4) | 118/211 | 55.9 (48.9–62.7) | 226/479 | 47.2 (42.6–51.8) |
Single substance use | 178/268 | 66.4 (60.4–72.0) | 127/211 | 60.2 (53.2–61.8) | 305/479 | 63.7 (59.2–68.0) |
Problematic use ≥10 years | 102/209 | 48.8 (41.8–56.0) | 111/164 | 67.9 (59.9–74.8) | 213/373 | 57.1 (51.9–62.2) |
Substance-related problems | ||||||
Physical problems | 149/268 | 55.6 (49.4–61.6) | 84/211 | 39.8 (33.2–46.8) | 233/479 | 48.6 (44.1–53.2) |
Mental problems | 206/268 | 76.9 (71.3–81.8) | 172/211 | 81.5 (75.6–86.5) | 378/479 | 78.9 (75.0–82.5) |
Problems at work | 61/268 | 22.8 (17.9–28.3) | 30/211 | 14.2 (9.8–19.7) | 91/479 | 19.0 (15.6–22.8) |
Social problems | 198/268 | 73.9 (68.1–79.0) | 153/211 | 72.5 (59.0–78.4) | 351/479 | 73.3 (69.1–77.2) |
Occupational status: at work | 114/253 | 45.1 (38.8–51.4) | 66/205 | 32.2 (25.9–39.1) | 180/458 | 39.3 (34.8–43.9) |
Treatment history | ||||||
First treatment episode | 66/249 | 26.5 (21.1–32.4) | 39/188 | 20.7 (15.2–27.2) | 105/437 | 24.0 (20.1–28.3) |
Ongoing treatment episode | 154/254 | 60.6 (54.3–66.7) | 150/210 | 71.4 (64.8–77.4) | 304/464 | 65.5 (61.0–69.8) |
Treatment status at follow-up | ||||||
1) Study drop-out, treatment drop-out or deceaseda | 93/268 | 34.7 (29.0–40.7) | 64/211 | 30.3 (24.2–37.0) | 157/479 | 32.8 (28.6–37.2) |
2) Discontinued GP treatment | 91/268 | 34.0 (28.3–40.0) | 48/211 | 22.7 (17.3–29.0) | 139/479 | 29.0 (25.0–33.3) |
3) Continued (usual) GP treatment, substance use treatment by non-GP | 19/268 | 7.1 (4.3–10.9) | 9/211 | 4.3 (2.0–7.9) | 28/479 | 5.8 (3.9–8.3) |
4) Continued substance use treatment by GP & non-GP | 33/268 | 12.3 (8.6–16.9) | 40/211 | 19.0 (13.9–24.9) | 73/479 | 15.2 (12.1–18.8) |
5) Continued substance use treatment by GP alone | 32/268 | 11.9 (8.3–16.4) | 50/211 | 23.7 (18.1–30.0) | 82/479 | 17.1 (13.9–20.8) |
Continued GP treatment (total of 3 to 5) | 84/268 | 31.3 (25.8–37.3) | 99/211 | 46.9 (40.0–53.9) | 183/479 | 38.2 (33.8–42.7) |
Continued GP substance use treatment (total of 4 and 5) | 65/268 | 24.3 (19.2–29.8) | 90/211 | 42.7 (35.9–49.6) | 155/479 | 32.4 (28.2–36.8) |