From: Understanding how dogs encourage and motivate walking: cross-sectional findings from RESIDE
Model outcome | Encouragementa | Motivationb | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | Adj OR | 95 % CI | P | Adj OR | 95 % CI | P | |
Dog-related factors | |||||||
Dog size | Small | 1 | 1 | ||||
Medium/large | 1.81 | 1.24–2.63 | 0.002 | 2.06 | 1.33–3.17 | 0.001 | |
Level of attachment to dog | Medium/low | 1 | 1 | ||||
High | 1.70 | 0.99–2.92 | 0.05 | 2.12 | 1.21–3.74 | 0.01 | |
Spouse/partner main person in household who walks with dog | Yes | 1 | 1 | ||||
No | 1.55 | 0.91–2.64 | 0.11 | 2.44 | 1.35–4.42 | 0.003 | |
Child main person in household who walks with dog | Yes | 1 | 1 | ||||
No | 2.46 | 1.13–5.33 | 0.02 | 5.34 | 2.40–11.85 | <0.001 | |
Owns an overweight dog | Yes | 1 | |||||
No | - | - | - | 1.76 | 1.01–3.07 | 0.05 | |
Affected by poor health or age of dog | Yes | 1 | |||||
No | - | - | - | 1.58 | 1.00–2.49 | 0.05 | |
Perceived access to POS with dog-supportive features | Poor | 1 | |||||
Good/Average | - | - | - | 0.57 | 0.36–0.91 | 0.02 | |
Cognitive factors | |||||||
Subjective norm of family, other owners and veterinarian to walking with dog daily | Neutral/Negative | 1 | 1 | ||||
Positive | 1.12 | 0.72–1.73 | 0.62 | 1.68 | 0.94–2.99 | 0.08 | |
Perceived dog-specific barriers to walking with dog daily | Ambivalent-Likely to discourage | 1 | 1 | ||||
Unlikely to discourage | 1.65 | 1.15–2.38 | 0.01 | 1.60 | 1.02–2.52 | 0.04 | |
Knowing dog enjoys going for a walk | Ambivalent-Unlikely motivation to walk with dog daily | 1 | 1 | ||||
Likely motivation to walk with dog daily | 1.87 | 1.21–2.90 | 0.01 | 2.84 | 1.73–4.67 | <0.001 | |
I feel safe when walking with my dogs | Ambivalent-Unlikely motivation to walk with dog daily | 1 | 1 | ||||
Likely motivation to walk with dog daily | 0.77 | 0.50–1.18 | 0.23 | 1.12 | 0.67–1.90 | 0.65 | |
Keep dog healthy | Ambivalent-Unlikely outcome of walking with dog daily | 1 | 1 | ||||
Likely outcomes of walking with dog daily | 2.07 | 1.17–3.68 | 0.01 | 1.96 | 1.10–3.46 | 0.02 | |
Reduce the risk of dog barking | Ambivalent-Unlikely outcome of walking with dog daily | 1 | |||||
Likely outcomes of walking with dog daily | 1.31 | 0.81–2.14 | 0.27 | 1.83 | 1.14–2.93 | 0.01 | |
Demographic factors | |||||||
Gender | Male | 1 | |||||
Female | 1.39 | 0.94–2.05 | 0.10 | - | - | - | |
Children at home <18 years | Yes | 1 | 1 | ||||
No | 1.68 | 1.16–2.45 | 0.01 | 2.12 | 1.35–3.28 | 0.001 | |
Education | Secondary or less | 1 | 0.18 | ||||
Trade/apprentice/certificate | - | - | - | 1.50 | 0.94–2.41 | 0.09 | |
Bachelor or higher | - | - | - | 1.53 | 0.85–2.75 | 0.16 | |
Other social support for walking | |||||||
Social support from family to go walking in past month | Poor | 1 | 1 | ||||
Average/Good | 1.76 | 1.19–2.58 | 0.004 | 2.58 | 1.66–4.01 | <0.001 |