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Table 3 Adjusted individual and DA-level fixed effects on continuous birth weight and their modification by maternal smoking (Model 3)

From: Air pollution, neighbourhood and maternal-level factors modify the effect of smoking on birth weight: a multilevel analysis in British Columbia, Canada

Variables

Main effect

β (95 % CI)

Modification by cigs/day

β (95 % CI)

Corresponding figure

Cigarettes/daya

-25.7 (-28.1 – -23.3)

0.83 (0.68 – 0.98)

1

SESi

43.8 (40.9 – 46.8)

-2.7 (-3.7 – -1.6)

2A

Education

5.2 (2.3 – 8.1

1.3 (0.3 – 2.3)

2B

PM2.5

-26.3 (-29.6 – -23.0)

1.8 (0.9 – 2.7)

2C

 PM2.5 a

3.4 (1.5 – 5.3)

–

–

Immigrant density

-36.5 (-39.2 – -33.7)

2.6 (1.5 – 3.7)

2D

Rural address

-15.0 (-25.1 – -5.0)

-2.9 (-5.6 – -0.2)

2E

Maternal age

-12.1 (-14.8 – -9.5)

-2.9 (-3.6 – -2.1)

3A

Drug/Alcohol flag

-161.2 (-180.4 – -142.1)

-3.7 (-6.3 – -1.2)

3B

  1. See Table 1 caption for variable definitions
  2. aModeled as a quadratic, value for Cigarettes/day listed under ‘Modification by cigs/day’; Model 3 covariates not listed above include: nulliparous and season of birth