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Table 2 Substance use outcomes as a function of perceived family income, own education and parents’ education

From: Socioeconomic status and substance use among Swiss young men: a population-based cross-sectional study

 

Perceived family income

Highest achieved own education level

Parents’ highest achieved education level

 

Average or below average (N = 3164, 55.5 %)

Above average (N = 2538, 44.5 %)

 

Obligatory or elementary vocational education (N = 2858, 50.1 %)

Higher than obligatory or elementary vocational education (N = 2844, 49.9 %)

 

Obligatory (N = 362, 6.3 %)

Secondary (N = 2894, 50.8 %)

Tertiary (N = 2446, 42.9 %)

 
 

N/mean

%/SD

N/mean

%/SD

p

N/mean

%/SD

N/mean

%/SD

p

N/mean

%/SD

N/mean

%/SD

N/mean

%/SD

p

Alcohol

                 

 Any use (past 12 months)

2873

90.8 %

2392

94.2 %

<.001

2653

92.8 %

2612

91.8 %

.162

285

78.7 %

2681

92.6 %

2299

94.0 %

<.001

 RSOD monthly or morea

1401

44.3 %

1234

48.6 %

.001

1322

46.3 %

1313

46.2 %

.946

104

28.7 %

1338

46.2 %

1193

48.8 %

<.001

 Weekly risky drinkingb

203

6.4 %

152

6.0 %

.507

185

6.5 %

170

6.0 %

.439

16

4.4 %

189

6.5 %

150

6.1 %

.284

 Number of drinks/week (mean SD)

7.30

14.74

7.46

10.82

.648

7.46

13.58

7.29

12.69

.619

5.54

25.39

7.43

12.51

7.58

11.05

.021

Tobacco use

                 

 Any use (past 12 months)

1519

48.0 %

1174

46.3 %

.188

1388

48.6 %

1305

45.9 %

.043

163

45.0 %

1345

46.5 %

1185

48.4 %

.244

Daily use

737

23.3 %

459

18.1 %

<.001

633

22.1 %

563

19.8 %

.029

85

23.5 %

641

22.1 %

470

19.2 %

.015

Cannabis use

                 

 Any use (past 12 months)

945

29.9 %

799

31.5 %

.189

912

31.9 %

832

29.3 %

.030

87

24.0 %

781

27.0 %

876

35.8 %

<.001

 More than once a week

329

10.4 %

214

8.4 %

.012

291

10.2 %

252

8.9 %

.089

33

9.1 %

254

8.8 %

256

10.5 %

.107

Other illicit drugsc use

                 

 Any use (past 12 months)

193

6.1 %

165

6.5 %

.535

200

7.0 %

158

5.6 %

.025

18

5.0 %

159

5.5 %

181

7.4 %

.010

NMPDd use

                 

 Any use (past 12 months)

327

10.3 %

280

11.0 %

.396

318

11.1 %

289

10.2 %

.238

45

12.4 %

289

10.0 %

273

11.2 %

.200

  1. Note. aRisky single occasion drinking defined as drinking 6 or more drinks on one occasion. bWeekly risky drinking, defined as drinking 21 drinks per week or more. cEcstasy or cocaine or heroin or magic mushroom. dSleeping pills or tranquilizer or painkiller or stimulant or antidepressant or beta-blocker
  2. NMPD Non-medical prescription drugs, SD Standard deviation, P p value for chi square test of independence, except for number of drinks/week for which analysis of variance (testing equality of means) was used