Skip to main content

Table 5 Factors associated with stigma and discrimination against drug users

From: Drug addiction stigma in relation to methadone maintenance treatment by different service delivery models in Vietnam

 

Blame, judge

Shame

Discrimination

Disclosure of addiction or health status

OR

95 CI

 

OR

95 CI

 

OR

95 CI

 

OR

95 CI

 

Duration on MMT (months)

0.98a

0.97

0.99

1.00

0.98

1.02

0.99

0.96

1.01

0.96a

0.95

0.98

MMT model (MMT+ PAC - ref)

 Rural MMT-ART-VCT-DGH

1.67

0.99

2.82

         

 Urban MMT-ART-VCT-DGH

   

0.36a

0.22

0.58

0.51a

0.31

0.84

3.21a

2.13

4.83

 MMT + Regional poly clinic

   

0.39a

0.24

0.63

      

Education (High school or Lower - ref)

 College/University

1.82

0.93

3.57

   

1.96a

1.02

3.74

   

Marital status

 Live with spouse vs. Single

         

1.56a

1.14

2.15

Religion

 Buddhism vs. Cult of ancestors

0.43

0.15

1.22

         

Employment (Unemployed - ref)

 Self-employed

0.72

0.49

1.04

         

 White collars

0.30

0.06

1.44

         

 Workers, Farmers

0.42a

0.19

0.93

0.50a

0.25

0.99

0.52

0.24

1.13

0.49a

0.30

0.80

 Other jobs

   

1.65

0.93

2.95

      

Self-reported health problems

 Mobility

   

1.82

1.00

3.31

   

0.39a

0.20

0.74

 Self-care

      

2.12

0.94

4.81

   

 Usual Activities

         

2.22

0.90

5.47

 Pain or Discomfort

         

2.01a

1.16

3.47

 Anxiety or Depression

1.79a

1.19

2.70

2.39a

1.62

3.53

1.49

0.95

2.32

1.66a

1.02

2.69

Self-reported HIV status (Negative - ref)

 Positive

   

1.74a

1.01

3.04

      

 N/A

      

2.15a

1.04

4.47

   

# previous drug rehabilitation (None - ref)

 1–5 times

2.27

0.88

5.88

   

0.73

0.49

1.08

1.86a

1.21

2.86

 6–10 times

2.89a

1.07

7.80

      

1.73a

1.03

2.89

  > 10 times

2.75

0.85

8.83

         

Ever inject drug vs. None

      

1.53

0.94

2.48

   

Concurrent drug use vs. None

      

2.44a

1.11

5.37

   
  1. asignificant at 5 % level