Table 4 Socio-demographic characteristics of alcohol users and non-users among Korean adolescents

Age (years), mean (95 % CI)

15.60 (1.65)

14.56 (1.68)

1.44 (1.43–1.44)

<0.001

Sex, male, %

58.8

47.2

1.60 (1.59–1.61)

<0.001

Area of residence, %

 Rural

7.5

5.7

ref

 Small city

49.7

50.1

0.76 (0.75–0.77)

<0.001

 Large city

42.8

44.2

0.74 (0.73–0.75)

<0.001

Paternal Education, %

 Middle school education or lower

4.6

2.6

ref

 High school education

41.1

33.0

0.71 (0.70–0.72)

<0.001

 College degree or higher

54.4

64.4

0.48 (0.48–0.49)

<0.001

Maternal Education, %

 Middle school education or lower

3.7

2.4

ref

 High school education

52.0

42.8

0.79 (0.78–0.80)

<0.001

 College degree or higher

44.2

54.7

0.53 (0.52–0.53)

<0.001

Residential type, %

 With family

94.7

96.9

ref

 With relatives

1.2

0.6

2.05 (2.00–2.10)

<0.001

 With friends, alone, domitory

3.5

2.2

1.65 (1.63–1.67)

<0.001

 Facility

0.6

0.3

1.91 (1.85–1.97)

<0.001

Socio-economic status, %

 Low

5.2

2.8

ref

 Low-Middle

17.1

12.1

0.77 (0.76–0.78)

<0.001

 Middle

47.8

48.6

0.54 (0.53–0.54)

<0.001

 High-Middle

23.0

27.7

0.46 (0.45–0.46)

<0.001

 High

6.8

8.8

0.42 (0.42–0.43)

<0.001

Academic achievement, %

 Low

14.3

8.4

ref

 Low-Middle

26.5

22.2

0.70 (0.70–0.71)

<0.001

 Middle

27.0

28.7

0.55 (0.55–0.56)

<0.001

 High-Middle

22.4

26.6

0.49 (0.49–0.50)

<0.001

 High

9.8

14.1

0.41 (0.40–0.41)

<0.001