From: Prevalence, correlates, and associated psychological problems of substance use in Korean adolescents
 | Tobacco users (n = 13,967), % | Non-users (n = 58,094), % | OR (95 % CI) | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years), mean (95 % CI) | 15.70 (1.54) | 14.83 (1.75) | 1.35 (1.34–1.35) | <0.001 |
Sex, male, % | 74.4 | 46.6 | 3.33 (3.31–3.25) | <0.001 |
Area of residence, % | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Rural | 7.4 | 6.3 | ref |  |
 Small city | 50.3 | 49.8 | 0.86 (0.86–0.87) | <0.001 |
 Large city | 42.4 | 43.9 | 0.83 (0.82–0.84) | <0.001 |
Paternal Education, % | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Middle school education or lower | 5.5 | 3.0 | ref |  |
 High school education | 43.3 | 34.8 | 0.67 (0.66–0.68) | <0.001 |
 College degree or higher | 51.2 | 62.2 | 0.45 (0.44–0.45) | <0.001 |
Maternal Education, % | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Middle school education or lower | 4.5 | 2.6 | ref |  |
 High school education | 53.4 | 45.2 | 0.69 (0.68–0.70) | <0.001 |
 College degree or higher | 42.1 | 52.1 | 0.47 (0.46–0.48) | <0.001 |
Residential type, % | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 With family | 94.2 | 96.4 | ref |  |
 With relatives | 1.6 | 0.7 | 2.37 (2.31–2.43) | <0.001 |
 With friends, alone, domitory | 3.2 | 2.6 | 1.24 (1.22–1.26) | <0.001 |
 Facility | 1.0 | 0.3 | 3.32 (3.22–3.43) | <0.001 |
Socio–economic status, % |  |  |  |  |
 Low | 7.1 | 3.0 | ref |  |
 Low-Middle | 18.8 | 13.1 | 0.62 (0.61–0.62) | <0.001 |
 Middle | 46.1 | 48.8 | 0.41 (0.40–0.41) | <0.001 |
 High-Middle | 21.0 | 26.8 | 0.34 (0.33–0.34) | <0.001 |
 High | 7.0 | 8.2 | 0.37 (0.37–0.38) | <0.001 |
Academic achievement, % | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Low | 20.1 | 8.7 | ref |  |
 Low-Middle | 28.8 | 22.9 | 0.54 (0.54–0.55) | <0.001 |
 Middle | 24.7 | 28.8 | 0.37 (0.36–0.37) | <0.001 |
 High-Middle | 18.0 | 26,5 | 0.29 (0.29–0.30) | <0.001 |
 High | 8.4 | 13.2 | 0.27 (0.27–0.28) | <0.001 |
Alcohol use | 82.1 | 33.2 | 9.22 (9.16–9.28) | <0.001 |