From: Alcohol consumption patterns in Thailand and their relationship with non-communicable disease
Never drinkers (n = 22,527) | Occasional light drinkers (n = 26,861) | Occasional heavy drinkers (n = 24,152) | Regular heavy drinkers (n = 3,675) | p for trend | Ex-drinkers (n = 7,548) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age(yrs): mean (SD) | 29.3 (8.3) | 30.2 (8.1) | 30.7 (7.7) | 33.7 (7.9) | <.0001 | 32.3 (9.2) |
Sex | ||||||
Men | 18 | 32 | 74 | 94 | <.0001 | 57 |
Women | 82 | 68 | 26 | 6 | <.0001 | 43 |
Education level, % | ||||||
<=High school | 48 | 45 | 51 | 52 | <.0001 | 55 |
Diploma/certificate | 26 | 29 | 28 | 26 | 0.07 | 22 |
> = University | 26 | 26 | 22 | 22 | <.0001 | 23 |
Income(Baht), % | ||||||
<=7000 | 53 | 42 | 34 | 21 | <.0001 | 45 |
7001-20000 | 38 | 48 | 54 | 63 | <.0001 | 42 |
>20000 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 16 | <.0001 | 13 |
Marital status, % | ||||||
Single | 62 | 56 | 49 | 36 | <.0001 | 50 |
Living with partner | 3 | 5 | 7 | 7 | <.0001 | 6 |
Married | 35 | 39 | 44 | 57 | <.0001 | 44 |
Region, % | ||||||
Bangkok | 18 | 18 | 16 | 15 | <.0001 | 17 |
Central/East | 33 | 31 | 29 | 29 | <.0001 | 29 |
North | 13 | 18 | 23 | 23 | <.0001 | 19 |
Northeast | 17 | 21 | 23 | 22 | <.0001 | 24 |
South | 20 | 12 | 9 | 10 | <.0001 | 10 |
Urban migration, % | ||||||
Country-Country | 47 | 43 | 43 | 39 | <.0001 | 42 |
Country-Urban | 27 | 33 | 34 | 34 | <.0001 | 31 |
Urban-Urban | 22 | 19 | 19 | 22 | <.0001 | 21 |
Public sector worker, % | 44 | 46 | 53 | 59 | <.0001 | 45 |
Job type, % | ||||||
Professional/Manager | 18 | 18 | 17 | 19 | 0.007 | 18 |
Skilled/Manual worker | 20 | 21 | 23 | 23 | <.0001 | 22 |
Office assistant | 42 | 42 | 20 | 36 | <.0001 | 36 |
Religion | ||||||
Buddhist | 87 | 97 | 98 | 98 | <.0001 | 94 |
Islam | 10 | 1 | 0.8 | 0.4 | <.0001 | 3 |
Smoking, % | ||||||
Never smoker | 97 | 85 | 50 | 18 | <.0001 | 53 |
Current smoker | 1 | 4 | 19 | 39 | <.0001 | 12 |
Ex-smoker | 1 | 9 | 28 | 38 | <.0001 | 32 |
Coconut milk, % | ||||||
< monthly | 14 | 13 | 13 | 17 | 0.10 | 15 |
1–3 times/month | 32 | 34 | 33 | 34 | 0.40 | 33 |
1–2 times/week | 31 | 31 | 31 | 27 | 0.07 | 28 |
3 or more times/week | 23 | 22 | 24 | 22 | 0.02 | 25 |
Deep fried food, % | ||||||
<3 times/month | 18 | 17 | 14 | 11 | <.0001 | 19 |
1–2 times/week | 31 | 32 | 30 | 26 | <.0001 | 30 |
3–6 times/week | 35 | 38 | 41 | 44 | <.0001 | 35 |
Daily | 16 | 14 | 15 | 19 | 0.15 | 16 |
Vegetable, mean serves/day (SD) | 2.0 (1.7) | 1.9 (1.5) | 1.9 (1.6) | 1.8 (1.5) | <.0001 | 1.9 (1.6) |
Fruit, mean serves/day (SD) | 3.1 (2.5) | 2.8 (2.4) | 2.6 (2.4) | 2.0 (2.0) | <.0001 | 2.7 (2.5) |
Strenuous exercise, mean times/week (SD) | 1.6 (3.2) | 1.7 (3.3) | 2.2 (3.3) | 2.1 (3.1) | <.0001 | 1.9 (3.2) |
Hours sleeping/day, mean (SD) | 6.9 (2.3) | 6.9 (2.3) | 6.9 (2.2) | 7.0 (2.2) | 0.007 | 6.9 (2.3) |
Watching TV, mean hours/day (SD) | 3.0 (1.9) | 2.9 (1.8) | 3.0 (1.9) | 3.0 (1.9) | <.0001 | 2.8 (1.9) |
Sitting, mean hours/day (SD) | 6.5 (3.9) | 6.6 (3.9) | 6.4 (3.8) | 6.2 (3.7) | <.0001 | 6.7 (3.9) |