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Table 3 Trends in perceived area safety and underlying problems in target districts and various control groups

From: Are area-based initiatives able to improve area safety in deprived areas? A quasi-experimental evaluation of the Dutch District Approach

 

Trenda (regression coefficient ß (95 % Confidence Interval))

Pre intervention

Intervention

Intervention versus pre intervention

(2005–2008)

(2008–2011)

General safety

   

 Target districts (A)

0.08 (−0.00 – 0.16)

−0.00 (−0.09 – 0.08)

−0.08 (−0.22 – 0.06)

 Rest of NL (B)

0.05 (0.02 – 0.08)*

−0.03 (−0.05 – -0.01)*

−0.08 (−0.12 – -0.04)*

 A versus B

  

0.00 (−0.15 – 0.15)

 Deprived districts (C)

−0.00 (−0.08 – 0.08)

−0.02 (−0.08 – 0.04)

−0.02 (−0.12 – 0.09)

 A versus C

  

−0.04 (−0.21 – 0.13)

 Deprived districts, same city (D)

0.03 (−0.07 – 0.12)

0.01 (−0.07 – 0.08)

−0.02 (−0.15 – 0.11)

 A versus D

  

−0.04 (−0.22 – 0.15)

Physical order

   

 Target districts (A)

0.00 (−0.07 – 0.07)

0.07 (−0.01 – 0.15)

0.07 (−0.06 – 0.20)

 Rest of NL (B)

−0.01 (−0.03 – 0.00)

0.08 (0.07 – 0.10)*

0.09 (0.07 – 0.12)*

 A versus B

  

−0.02 (−0.16 – 0.11)

 Deprived districts (C)

−0.01 (−0.07 – 0.04)

0.06 (−0.01 – 0.10)

0.07 (−0.00 – 0.15)

 A versus C

  

0.01 (−0.14 – 0.16)

 Deprived districts, same city (D)

−0.01 (−0.09 – 0.06)

0.06 (0.00 – 0.13)*

0.08 (−0.02 – 0.18)

 A versus D

  

0.01 (−0.15 – 0.17)

Social order

   

 Target districts (A)

0.03 (−0.06 – 0.11)

−0.02 (−0.10 – 0.07)

−0.04 (−0.19 – 0.10)

 Rest of NL (B)

−0.00 (−0.04 – 0.04)

0.02 (−0.00 – 0.05)

0.03 (−0.02 – 0.07)

 A versus B

  

−0.07 (−0.22 – 0.08)

 Deprived districts (C)

−0.01 (−0.10 – 0.07)

−0.06 (−0.12 – -0.00)*

−0.05 (−0.16 – 0.06)

 A versus C

  

0.02 (−0.15 – 0.20)

 Deprived districts, same city (D)

0.04 (−0.06 – 0.14)

−0.06 (−0.14 – 0.01)

−0.10 (−0.23 – 0.03)

 A versus D

  

0.07 (−0.12 – 0.26)

Non-victimization

   

 Target districts (A)

0.01 (−0.06 – 0.08)

0.11 (0.02 – 0.20)*

0.10 (−0.04 – 0.24)

 Rest of NL (B)

0.05 (0.03 – 0.07)*

0.03 (0.01 – 0.05)*

−0.02 (−0.05 – 0.01)

 A versus B

  

0.12 (−0.02 – 0.27)

 Deprived districts (C)

0.01 (−0.05 – 0.08)

0.02 (−0.04 – 0.07)

0.01 (−0.09 – 0.09)

 A versus C

  

0.09 (−0.07 – 0.25)

 Deprived districts, same city (D)

0.07 (−0.01 – 0.15)

−0.01 (−0.08 – 0.06)

−0.08 (−0.20 – 0.03)

 A versus D

  

0.17 (−0.01 – 0.35)

  1. *P ≤ 0.05
  2. aTrend represents the yearly change in ln(odds) of safety, adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity, and education