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Table 3 Non-randomised controlled trials included in review

From: Improved stove interventions to reduce household air pollution in low and middle income countries: a descriptive systematic review

First author of study, year

Brief name

Study design

Study country

N

Age of participants (years)

Sex

Control group (Y or N)

Pollutant outcome

Health outcome

Follow-up period (post stove installation)

Reported effect of stove usea

Before and after studies

Accinelli, 2014 [17]

Impact of biomass fuel stoves on respiratory and sleep symptoms in children

Before-and-after study

Peru

82

<15

Both

N

NA

Respiratory & sleep symptoms

2 years

+ when exclusive use of stove

Castaneda, 2013 [20]

Effect of improved stoves on sleep apnoea in childre

Before-and-after study

Peru

59

<15

Both

N

NA

Sleep symptoms

1 year

+

Clark, 2013 [28]

Impact of cleaner stoves on blood pressure

Before-and-after study

Nicaragua

74

Adults

Female

N

CO, PM2.5

Blood pressure

9 months – 1 year

+

Cynthia, 2008 [40]

Reduction of PM and CO as a result of the Patsari cookstove

Before-and-after study

Mexico

60 households

Adult

Female

N

CO, PM2.5

NA

1 month

+

Fitzgerald, 2012 [41]

Cookstove interventions in Peru

Before-and-after comparative study

Peru

57 house-holds:30 (stove 1); 27 (stove 2)

18 – 45

Female

N

CO, PM2.5

NA

3 weeks

+

Li, 2011 [29]

Exposure reduction of stove intervention

Before-and-after comparative study

Peru

Program A) 30; Program B) 27 house-holds

18-45

Female

N

CO, PM2.5

Urinary OH-PAH levels

3 weeks

+

Mukhopadhyay 2012 [34]

Exploratory study of cookstoves to inform large-scale interventions

Before-and-after feasibility study

India

32 house-holds

All

Both: focus on primary cooks

N

CO, PM2.5

NA

12 weeks

NA

Oluwole, 2013 [42]

Effect of stoves on HAP and respiratory health in Nigeria

Before-and-after pilot study

Nigeria

59 mother-child pairs

Mother (20–60); child (6–17)

Female & children

N

CO, PM2.5

Exposure-related health complaints

I year

+

Pennise, 2009 [43]

Air quality of improved stoves in Ghana and ethanol stove in Ethiopia

Before-and-after comparative study

Ghana and Ethiopia

Ghana: 36 households; Ethiopia 33 households

All

Both

N

CO, PM2.5

NA

Unclear

+

Riojas-Rodriguez [44]

Impact of Patsari improved stoves on PAHs and CO (subproject of Romieu et al’s RCT)

Before-and-after study

Mexico

63 women

Adult

Women

Y

CO, PAH

Measured in Romieu’s 2010 study

10 months

+

Singh, 2012 [33]

Mud improved stove in Nepal

Before-and-after study

Nepal

47 households

All

Primary cooks (mainly female)

N

CO, PM

Exposure-related health questionnaire

3 & 12 months

+

Torres-Dorsal, 2008 [32]

Evaluation of risk reduction program using biomarkers of exposure and effect

Before-and-after study

Mexico

20 participants

Children (5–17); adult (20–35)

Both

N

COHb

Urinary 1-OHP levels and DNA damage

Unknown

+

Zuk, 2007 [45]

Impact of improved wood stoves in rural Mexico

Before-and-after study

Mexico

53 households

All

Both

N

PM2.5

 

2-3 months

+

Cross-sectional study

Bruce, 2004 [46]

Impact of improved stoves, house construction & child location on IAP levels

Cross-sectional

Guatemala

204 house-hold

<1.5

Both

Y

CO, PM3.5

NA

2-3 years

+

Clark, 2009 [22]

Impact of improved stoves on IAP and health

Cross-sectional

Honduras

79

Adult

Female

Y

CO, PM2.5

Pulmonary function, respiratory symptoms, CRP concentrations

NA

+

Guarnieri, 2014 [27]

RESPIRE: airway inflammation

Cross-sectional (within RCT)

Guatemala

45 (19 Ix; 26 control)

Adult

Female

Y

CO, e-CO

Spirometry & induced sputum for cell counts, gene expressions & protein concentrations

18 – 24 months

+

Hartinger, 2013 [47]

Chimney stoves compared to traditional open stoves

Cross-sectional (within RCT)

Peru

93 house-holds (43 Ix; 48

All

Both

Y

CO, PM2.5

NA

7 months

/unless restricted to full

Henkle, 2010 [48]

Honduras stove project

Cross-sectional

Honduras

34 homes

2-84

Both: female (56.4 %)

N

CO, TSP

Respiratory surveys, PEFR

NA

Feasible

Cohort study

Chapman, 2005 [49]

Improved stoves impact on COPD

Retrospective cohort study

China

20,453

Born 1917-51

Focus on farmers

Y

NA

COPD diagnosis

Average 12.8 years

+

Marketing and campaign

Joint UNDP [30]

Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP) : Niger improved stoves project

Marketing and campaign

Niger

40,000 stoves sold

All

Focus on women

N

NA

NA

NA

Successful marketing and sale of stoves

Mixed study design

McCracken, 2011 [25]

RESPIRE: effect on ST-segment depression on ECG

Before-and-after study & between group comparative study (RCT subsample)

Guatemala

119 (49 Ix; 70 control)

38 – 48

Female

Y

PM2.5

HRV & ST-segment values

3 weeks

+

McCracken, 2007 [24]

RESPIRE: effect of blood pressure

Before-and-after study & between group comparative study (RCT subsample)

Guatemala

119 (49 Ix; 70 control)

38 – 48

Female

Y

PM2.5

BP

~300 days

+

Non-randomised controlled trial

Albalak, 2001 [50]

PM reductions of improved cook stoves and LPG fuel use

Non-randomised controlled trial

Guatemala

30 house-holds

All

Both

Y

PM3.5

NA

6 months

+

Baris, 2007 [51]

A multisectoral intervention program in rural China

Non-randomised controlled trial

China

5500 house-holds

All

Both

Y

RPM, CO, SO2

Exposure-related health complaints (e.g., dyspnea, nasal mucous)

12 months

+ when heating main energy source

Zhou, 2006 [52]

Community effectiveness of stove and health education in China (same project as Baris,2007)

Community-based non-randomised controlled trial

China

5500 households

All

Both

Y

RPM, CO & SO2

Selected health indicators for women and children

12 months

+ when heating main energy source

  1. CO carbon monoxide, PM particulate matter, PAH polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Urinary OH-PAH urinary hyroxylated PAH, COHb carboxyhemoglobin, e-CO exhaled carbon monoxide, TSP total suspended particulate, PEFR peak expiratory flow rate, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, HRV heart rate variability, BP blood pressure, SO2 sulphur dioxide, RPM respirable particulate matter
  2. apositive effect (+); negative effect (−); no effect (/)
  3. Additional file