From: Spatiotemporal variation in diabetes mortality in China: multilevel evidence from 2006 and 2012
Model1 (time, age, gender) | Model2 (adding region, region*time) | Model3 (adding urbanization rate) | Model4 (adding behavior risk factors) | Model5 (adding metabolic risk factors) | Model6 (adding average temperature) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fixed effects | ||||||
Time(years) | 0.98(0.97,0.99) * | 0.98(0.97,0.99) * | 0.98(0.97,1.00) * | 0.98(0.97,1.00) * | 0.98(0.97,1.00) * | 0.98(0.97,1.00) * |
Age (5 year groups) | 1.64(1.64,1.65) * | 1.64(1.64,1.65) * | 1.64(1.63,1.65) * | 1.64(1.63,1.65) * | 1.64(1.63,1.65) * | 1.64(1.63,1.65) * |
Gender (ref: male) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
female | 1.06(1.03,1.08) * | 1.05(1.03,1.08) * | 1.06(1.03,1.08) * | 1.06(1.03,1.08) * | 1.06(1.03,1.08) * | 1.05(1.03,1.08) * |
Region(ref:south) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
North | 1.06(0.81,1.38) | 1.11(0.86,1.43) | 1.06(0.82,1.38) | 0.96(0.70,1.31) | 1.49(1.02,2.16) * | |
East | 1.12(0.88,1.43) | 1.14(0.90,1.46) | 1.09(0.85,1.39) | 1.10(0.85,1.41) | 1.40(1.06,1.84) * | |
Central | 1.24(0.95,1.62) | 1.33(1.03,1.73) * | 1.27(0.97,1.65) | 1.22(0.93,1.59) | 1.49(1.12,1.97) * | |
Southwest | 0.95(0.73,1.23) | 1.07(0.83,1.38) | 1.15(0.90,1.48) | 1.14(0.88,1.47) | 1.43(1.08,1.88) * | |
Northwest | 1.45(1.10,1.90) * | 1.61(1.24,2.10) * | 1.54(1.17,2.01) * | 1.48(1.11,1.97) * | 2.55(1.74,3.73) * | |
Northeast | 1.42(1.07,1.87) * | 1.51(1.16,1.97) * | 1.50(1.13,1.99) * | 1.39(1.00,1.92) * | 2.68(1.70,4.21) * | |
Urbanization rate(ref:low) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
Moderate | 1.09(0.93,1.27) | 1.14(0.98,1.33) | 1.14(0.99,1.33) | 1.11(0.97,1.29) | ||
High | 1.41(1.21,1.64) * | 1.50(1.26,1.79) * | 1.42(1.18,1.71) * | 1.39(1.17,1.66) * | ||
% smokers (ref: low) | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
Moderate | 0.90(0.77,1.04) | 0.94(0.80,1.11) | 0.95(0.81,1.11) | |||
High | 0.90(0.77,1.06) | 1.00(0.84,1.19) | 1.02(0.86,1.21) | |||
% over drinkers(ref:low) | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
Moderate | 0.97(0.83,1.13) | 0.93(0.80,1.08) | 0.89(0.77,1.03) | |||
High | 0.87(0.74,1.03) | 0.85(0.72,1.00) | 0.84(0.72,0.99) * | |||
% eat red meat(ref:low) | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
Moderate | 0.91(0.79,1.06) | 0.92(0.79,1.07) | 0.91(0.79,1.06) | |||
High | 0.86(0.72,1.03) | 0.88(0.74,1.06) | 0.91(0.76,1.08) | |||
Sedentary time(ref:low) | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
Moderate | 1.06(0.92,1.22) | 1.06(0.92,1.22) | 1.05(0.92,1.20) | |||
High | 1.09(0.91,1.29) | 1.04(0.87,1.24) | 1.01(0.85,1.20) | |||
Body mass index (ref: low) | 1 | 1 | ||||
Moderate | 1.13(0.96,1.33) | 1.22(1.04,1.43) * | ||||
High | 1.23(1.00,1.51) * | 1.46(1.18,1.80) * | ||||
SBP level(ref:low) | 1 | 1 | ||||
Moderate | 0.93(0.79,1.10) | 0.93(0.80,1.09) | ||||
High | 0.95(0.78,1.15) | 1.01(0.84,1.21) | ||||
Cholesterol level(ref:low) | 1 | 1 | ||||
Moderate | 0.99(0.86,1.14) | 0.99(0.86,1.13) | ||||
High | 1.00(0.86,1.15) | 0.97(0.84,1.12) | ||||
DM Prevalence(ref:low) | 1 | 1 | ||||
Moderate | 1.08(0.92,1.27) | 1.01(0.86,1.18) | ||||
High | 1.07(0.89,1.29) | 0.99(0.83,1.18) | ||||
Average temperature | 1.05(1.03,1.08) * | |||||
Random effects | ||||||
DSP intercept variance (standard error) | 0.166(0.019) * | 0.151(0.018) * | 0.137(0.016) * | 0.121(0.014) * | 0.113(0.014) * | 0.104(0.013) * |
MRR | 1.47 | 1.45 | 1.42 | 1.39 | 1.38 | 1.36 |
PCV | 9 % | 17 % | 27 % | 32 % | 37 % | |
DSP slope variance by year (standard error) | 0.006(0.001) * | 0.007(0.001) * | 0.006(0.001) * | 0.006(0.001) * | 0.006(0.001) * | 0.006(0.001) * |
Intercept/Slope Covariance | 0.268 (0.007) | 0.274 (0.007) | 0.279 (0.007) | 0.269 (0.007) | 0.268 (0.007) | 0.257(0.007) |