Table 3 Prevalence and odds ratios for ≥3 cardiovascular risk factors by sociodemographic factors

Age group

 25-34

130

53.6 (43.7, 63.2)

Reference

173

42.8 (36.5, 49.3)

Reference

 35-44

180

62.0 (52.1, 71.1)

1.25 (0.77, 2.02)

271

62.2 (56.8, 67.4)

1.81 (1.29, 2.34)*

 45-54

246

75.4 (68.2, 81.5)

2.43 (1.53, 3.84)**

315

74.5 (68.3, 79.8)

3.10 (2.18, 4.41)**

 55-64

178

79.8 (72.9, 85.3)

2.68 (1.39, 5.18)*

214

83.1 (76.7, 88.0)

5.76 (3.63, 9.15)**

Ethnicity

 Malay

416

62.1 (52.0, 71.2)

Reference

544

58.4 (53.4, 63.3)

Reference

 Chinese

132

69.5 (60.2, 77.4)

1.47 (0.85, 2.52)

166

62.2 (54.1, 69.7)

0.93 (0.61, 1.41)

 Indian

64

80.8 (68.2, 89.2)

2.85 (1.31, 6.23)*

100

68.4 (59.4, 76.2)

1.43 (0.82, 2.50)

 Others

122

59.2 (51.5, 66.5)

0.89 (0.55, 1.43)

163

60.8 (53.7, 67.5)

1.06 (0.74, 1.54)

Marital status

 Single

63

57.3 (47.7, 66.4)

Reference

54

45.5 (35.1, 56.4)

Reference

 Married

658

65.1 (57.7, 71.8)

1.02 (0.56, 1.83)

842

61.2 (57.1, 65.3)

0.91 (0.51, 1.62)

 Divorced/widowed

13

71.1 (42.1, 89.3)

1.09 (0.29, 4.18)

77

70.9 (59.1, 80.5)

1.24 (0.60, 2.60)

Income level

 High (≥RM4000)

56

62.2 (47.1, 75.2)

Reference

62

59.4 (42.1, 74.7)

Reference

 Middle (RM1000-3999)

339

63.3 (53.9, 71.8)

0.97 (0.46, 2.08)

381

58.4 (53.9, 62.7)

0.75 (0.38, 1.48)

 Low (<RM1000)

329

65.3 (58.7, 71.3)

0.85 (0.34, 2.12)

466

60.7 (56.2, 65.0)

0.68 (0.32, 1.45)

Occupational status

 Private sector employee

235

60.9 (51.9, 69.2)

Reference

112

44.7 (37.1, 52.5)

Reference

 Self-employed

268

61.3 (52.3, 69.6)

0.85 (0.58, 1.23)

141

60.3 (49.9, 69.8)

1.29 (0.79, 2.10)

 Housewife

-

-

-

576

70.2 (66.2, 73.9)

2.16 (1.49, 3.14)**

 Government employee

115

67.1 (57.8, 75.2)

1.50 (0.90, 2.50)

65

51.2 (38.8, 63.3)

1.24 (0.65, 2.38)

 Others

116

78.6 (68.1, 86.3)

1.91 (0.87, 4.21)

79

46.2 (36.1, 56.7)

0.69 (0.34, 1.43)

Education status

 Tertiary

86

51.3 (33.4, 68.9)

Reference

91

39.0 (29.6, 49.3)

Reference

 Secondary

373

64.7 (58.5, 70.4)

2.05 (0.89, 4.70)

418

58.6 (53.8, 63.2)

1.78 (1.13, 3.17)*

 Primary

227

69.8 (62.8, 75.9)

1.97 (0.86, 4.52)

323

71.6 (66.6, 76.2)

1.91 (1.16, 3.17)*

 No formal education

48

73.8 (57.6, 85.3)

2.58 (0.82, 8.18)

141

70.2 (61.8, 77.5)

1.97 (1.08, 3.59)*

Locality

 Urban

364

63.3 (53.6, 72.1)

Reference

490

60.1 (55.1, 65.0)

Reference

 Rural

370

66.0 (61.0, 70.7)

1.32 (0.83, 2.10)

483

61.5 (57.1, 65.7)

0.98 (0.73, 1.32)