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Table 2 Seasonal characteristics derived from the annual harmonic regression with between-year confidence intervals

From: Geographic variations and temporal trends of Salmonella-associated hospitalization in the U.S. elderly, 1991-2004: A time series analysis of the impact of HACCP regulation

Division*

Periods

Time to peak in week

Min rate†

Max rate†

Relative intensity (Max rate/Min rate)

  

mean

95% CI

mean

95% CI

mean

95% CI

mean

95% CI

West South Central

Pre-HACCP

33.0

(31.9, 34.1)

0.6

(0.5, 0.7)

1.3

(1.1, 1.4)

2.3

(1.9, 2.6)

 

Post-HACCP

29.8

(25.5, 34.2)

0.5

(0.5, 0.6)

1.3

(1.2, 1.5)

2.5

(2.2, 2.8)

East South Central

Pre-HACCP

32.8

(30.8, 34.7)

0.6

(0.5, 0.7)

1.2

(1.0, 1.4)

2.1

(1.8, 2.5)

 

Post-HACCP

33.3

(31.2, 35.3)

0.5

(0.4, 0.7)

1.1

(0.9, 1.2)

2.1

(1.8, 2.4)

South Atlantic

Pre-HACCP

30.5

(26.4, 34.6)

0.7

(0.7, 0.8)

1.6

(1.4, 1.7)

2.2

(1.8, 2.5)

 

Post-HACCP

33.1

(32.3, 34.0)

0.9

(0.8, 0.9)

2.0

(1.8, 2.3)

2.4

(2.0, 2.7)

New England

Pre-HACCP

32.3

(29.3, 35.3)

1.1

(0.9, 1.2)

2.4

(2.1, 2.7)

2.4

(1.7, 3.2)

 

Post-HACCP

34.8

(33.7, 35.9)

1.0

(0.9, 1.0)

2.2

(1.8, 2.6)

2.2

(1.7, 2.7)

Contiguous U.S.

Pre-HACCP

32.3

(29.3, 35.3)

0.5

(0.4, 0.6)

0.8

(0.7, 0.9)

1.8

(1.3, 2.3)

 

Post-HACCP

33.1

(32.6, 33.5)

0.6

(0.5, 0.7)

1.4

(1.3, 1.5)

2.4

(2.2, 2.5)

Middle Atlantic

Pre-HACCP

32.2

(29.8, 34.6)

0.8

(0.7, 0.8)

1.7

(1.5, 1.9)

2.4

(1.9, 2.8)

 

Post-HACCP

34.8

(33.1, 36.5)

0.7

(0.6, 0.9)

1.7

(1.4, 1.9)

2.5

(1.8, 3.1)

West North Central

Pre-HACCP

32.4

(31.6, 33.3)

0.7

(0.6, 0.8)

2.9

(2.5, 3.3)

4.2

(3.6, 4.9)

 

Post-HACCP

29.4

(24.4, 34.4)

0.8

(0.7, 0.9)

1.5

(1.3, 1.7)

1.9

(1.7, 2.1)

East North Central

Pre-HACCP

33.0

(31.8, 34.2)

0.8

(0.8, 0.9)

2.2

(1.9, 2.5)

2.7

(2.3, 3.1)

 

Post-HACCP

30.8

(29.6, 32.0)

0.9

(0.8, 1.0)

2.6

(2.2, 3.0)

2.9

(2.5, 3.2)

Mountain

Pre-HACCP

34.0

(33.5, 34.5)

0.6

(0.6, 0.7)

1.7

(1.6, 1.8)

2.8

(2.3, 3.3)

 

Post-HACCP

31.8

(30.5, 33.0)

0.7

(0.6, 0.8)

2.4

(2.0, 2.9)

3.8

(2.8, 4.8)

Pacific‡

Pre-HACCP

33.6

(32.8, 34.4)

0.8

(0.7, 0.8)

2.4

(2.1, 2.7)

3.3

(2.9, 3.7)

 

Post-HACCP

28.4

(24.4, 32.5)

0.5

(0.4, 0.6)

1.2

(1.0, 1.3)

2.8

(2.0, 3.5)

  1. * National (in bold) and divisional data are ranked in descending order of annual rates of hospitalization (see Figure 1).
  2. † Weekly, cases per 1,000,000 elderly population
  3. ‡ Excluding HI & AK
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