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Table 4 Mean (SD) values of secondary outcomes: comparison of sustained beneficial change* and no sustained beneficial change groups in each study year.

From: Prevention of type 2 diabetes in adults with impaired glucose tolerance: the European Diabetes Prevention RCT in Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

Outcome

Time

 

Sustained beneficial change

 

No sustained beneficial change

Difference

p-value

  

n

Mean (SD)

n

Mean (SD)

Mean (95% CI)

 

Weight (Kg)

       
 

Year 0

47

91.4 (12.8)

55

92.6 (15.6)

-1.2 (-6.9, 4.5)

0.68

 

Year 1

47

88.4 (14.7)

35

93.0 (13.8)

-4.6 (-10.8, 1.6)

0.15

 

Year 2

47

87.0 (13.7)

25

93.5 (17.0)

-6.5 (-13.8, 0.9)

0.08

 

Year 3

43

86.7 (13.4)

17

87.4 (9.2)

-0.7 (-7.8, 6.4)

0.84

 

Year 4

43

87.9 (13.7)

13

88.0 (10.1)

-0.1 (-8.3, 8.2)

0.99

 

Year 5

32

88.4 (14.2)

10

85.1 (11.7)

3.3 (-6.8, 13.3)

0.52

Activity(score/day)

       
 

Year 0

37

93.6 (8.3)

49

103.1 (16.7)

-9.5 (-15.4,-3.5)

0.002

 

Year 1

33

101.0 (12.8)

26

100.9 (14.0)

0.1 (-6.9, 7.07)

0.99

 

Year 2

31

102.5 (12.4)

18

96.6 (14.1)

6.0 (-1.8, 13.8)

0.13

 

Year 3

33

106.4 (17.0)

18

100.6 (11.2)

5.8 (-3.1, 14.7)

0.20

 

Year 4

34

105.3 (11.6)

13

97.9 (12.6)

7.5 (-0.3, 15.2)

0.06

 

Year 5

22

103.7 (15.5)

10

103.2 (11.5)

0.4 (-10.8, 11.7)

0.94

Fibre (g/day)

       
 

Year 0

30

17.6 (6.1)

54

20.5 (6.5)

-2.9 (-5.8, -0.0)

0.050

 

Year 1

29

22.4 (10.2)

37

16.2 (6.3)

6.2 (2.2, 10.3)

0.003

 

Year 2

27

24.4 (10.0)

32

17.8 (6.8)

6.6 (2.2, 11.0)

0.004

 

Year 3

27

21.2 (8.1)

26

15.7 (5.3)

5.5 (1.7, 9.3)

0.005

 

Year 4

24

21.5 (7.9)

22

16.7 (7.4)

4.7 (0.2, 9.3)

0.043

 

Year 5

20

20.6 (8.2)

13

15.1 (4.9)

5.4 (0.3, 10.6)

0.039

Fat (% energy)

       
 

Year 0

42

37 (07)

51

31 (09)

6.2 (2.6, 9.7)

0.001

 

Year 1

39

31 (10)

27

34 (06)

-2.2 (6.5, 2.1)

0.306

 

Year 2

37

31 (06)

22

35 (06)

-4.4 (7.8, -1.0)

0.011

 

Year 3

41

29 (07)

12

36 (07)

-6.2 (-1.1, -1.7)

0.007

 

Year 4

36

29 (06)

10

35 (06)

-5.2 (-9.5, -0.9)

0.02

 

Year 5

24

30 (07)

9

38 (05)

-8.3 (-13.5, -3.1)

0.003

Carbohydrate (% energy)

       
 

Year 0

31

44(07)

52

49(08)

-4.5(-8.1,1.0)

0.013

 

Year 1

28

48(11)

38

48(10)

-0.3(-5.4,4.6)

0.89

 

Year 2

26

50(07)

33

46(10)

3.3(-1.2, 7.9)

0.15

 

Year 3

31

52(08)

22

44(11)

8.4(3.1, 13.7)

0.002

 

Year 4

28

51(10)

18

47(08)

3.5(-2.1, 9.1)

0.22

 

Year 5

21

48(09)

12

47(07)

1.0(-5.2, 7.2)

0.74

  1. * Sustained beneficial change in secondary outcome measures was defined as: a beneficial change (>0.01 units) maintained for two or more years (i.e. weight loss, reduction in % energy intake from fat, increase in % intake from carbohydrate, increase in intake of dietary fibre and increase in physical activity score).
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