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Table 3 Association between socio-economic characteristics and insufficient physical activity by gender in adults aged 25–64 years in HCMCa

From: The prevalence and correlates of physical inactivity among adults in Ho Chi Minh City

 

Male (n = 821) Adjusted OR (95%CI)

Female (n = 955) Adjusted OR (95%CI)

Both (n = 1776)** Adjusted OR (95%CI)

Gender

   

   Men

-

-

ref.

   Women

-

-

0.79 (0.54–1.17)

Age groups c

   

   25–34

ref.

ref.

ref.

   35–44

1.31 (0.82–2.11)

0.77 (0.47–1.26)

0.98 (0.71–1.34)

   45–54

1.21 (0.73–2.03)

0.64 (0.41–1.00)

0.86 (0.66–1.11)

   55–64

0.98 (0.56–1.69)

0.64 (0.33–1.23)

0.74 (0.52–1.06)

Area*

   

   Wealthy urban

ref.

ref.

ref.

   Less wealthy urban

1.24 (0.90–1.71)

1.20 (0.79–1.82)

1.23 (0.90–1.68)

   Suburban

1.09 (0.60–1.98)

1.20 (0.81–1.77)

1.16 (0.76–1.77)

Ethnic

   

   Kinh

ref.

ref.

ref.

   Others

1.27 (0.27–5.99)

1.80 (0.58–5.63)

1.62 (0.90–2.95)

Education c

   

   Less than primary school

ref.

ref.

ref.

   Primary school completed

0.86 (0.38–1.94)

0.83 (0.45–1.52)

0.88 (0.56–1.37)

   Secondary school completed

0.83 (0.36–1.92)

0.91 (0.45–1.85)

0.93 (0.55–1.56)

   High school completed

0.95 (0.51–1.78)

1.08 (0.58–2.02)

1.09 (0.68–1.75)

   Some colleges

1.1 (0.46–2.62)

1.46 (0.49–4.30)

1.32 (0.63–2.76)

Occupation c

   

   Government employee

ref.

ref.

ref.

   Non-Government employee

0.96 (0.42–2.19)

1.86 (1.0–3.45)

1.24 (0.77–2.0)

   Self-employee

1.40 (0.58–3.36)

1.11 (0.63–1.97)

1.27 (0.82–1.96)

   Housewife

-

0.69 (0.41–1.17)

0.65 (0.36–1.17)

   Others (unpaid, student, unemployed, retired)

1.05 (0.49–2.23)

0.69 (0.24–1.98)

0.97 (0.57–1.64)

Household economic status c

   

Income/month †

   

   < 1,000,000

ref.

ref.

ref.

   1,000,000 -< 3,000,000

1.57 (0.94–2.62)

1.44 (0.88–2.35)

1.42 (1.02–2.00) b

   3,000,000 -< 5,000,000

1.98 (1.04–3.74) b

1.30 (0.56–3.0)

1.51 (0.94–2.43)

   ≥ 5,000,000

2.0 (.96–4.16)

1.71 (0.85–3.45)

1.77 (1.05–2.97) b

Household wealth index c

   

   Lowest

ref.

ref.

ref.

   Second

1.32 (0.65–2.67)

1.23 (0.75–2.01)

1.29 (0.9–1.84)

   Middle

1.82 (1.03–3.2) b

1.44 (0.76–2.72)

1.67 (1.26–2.21) b

   Fourth

1.68 (0.78–3.66)

1.92 (0.96–3.86)

1.87 (1.15–3.04) b

   Highest

2.0 (1.23–3.25) b

1.66 (0.72–3.82)

1.86 (1.29–2.66) b

Tobacco use d

   

   Non-smoker

ref.

ref.

ref.

   Ex-smoker

0.57 (0.36–0.90) b

0.42 (0.03–6.86)

0.58 (0.37–0.91) b

   Current smoker

0.75 (0.52–1.08)

0.39 (0.05–3.06)

0.76 (0.54–1.05)

Alcohol consumption d

   

   Non-binge drinking

ref.

ref.

ref.

   Binge drinking‡

1.05 (0.69–1.62)

0.73 (0.21–2.5)

1.02 (0.71–1.47)

  1. a OR adjusted for all variables in the table 3; b p < 0.05 (Wald test); c p < 0.001 (test for trend); d p < 0.05 (test for trend)
  2. * Classification based on the HCMC Bureau of Statistics, 2002; ** Missing data due to refusal;
  3. † General income of household in millions VND; ‡ 5 standard drinks or more for men and 4 standard drinks or more for women
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