Skip to main content

Table 1 Trends in HIV and key sexual behaviours among young people aged 15–24, 1995–2003.

From: Associations between sexual behaviour change in young people and decline in HIV prevalence in Zambia

Indicator

Year

Rural

  

M

F

  

%

N

Crude OR

95% CI

AOR

95% CI

P

%

N

Crude OR

95% CI

AOR

95% CI

P

HIV infection

1995

5.7

176

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

0.143

16.1

236

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

<0.001

 

1999

7.5

268

1.42

0.66–3.05

1.45

0.66–3.17

 

10.3

380

0.59

0.38–0.92

0.60

0.37–0.96

 
 

2003

3.2

309

0.56

0.26–1.20

0.56

0.25–1.26

 

6.8

456

0.38

0.19–0.78

0.36

0.19–0.67

 

Ever sex

1999

90

290

Ref.

 

Ref.

  

86

424

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

-

 

2003

77

328

0.37

0.24–0.58

0.32

0.18–0.56

 

80

486

0.65

0.41–1.03

0.53

0.32–0.89

 

Casual partner past year

1995

46

142

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

0.852

12

184

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

0.023

 

1999

52

206

1.27

0.68–2.37

1.25

0.65–2.40

 

12

340

0.99

0.55–1.77

0.90

0.48–1.69

 
 

2003

48

191

1.07

0.70–1.64

1.08

0.69–1.69

 

7

343

0.53

0.31–0.90

0.52

0.29–0.93

 

>2 sexual partners past 12 months

1995

50

147

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

0.491

10

189

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

0.056

 

1999

51

206

1.03

0.74–1.43

1.02

0.72–1.42

 

10

340

1.03

0.54–1.95

0.95

0.49–1.85

 
 

2003

47

194

0.87

0.55–1.37

0.87

0.55–1.38

 

6

340

0.56

0.34–0.92

0.56

0.33–0.96

 

Ever used condom

1995

54

147

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

0.891

26

189

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

0.098

 

1999

60

207

1.25

0.73–2.14

1.32

0.74–2.36

 

36

338

1.57

0.82–3.02

1.59

0.85–3.00

 
 

2003

56

199

1.06

0.66–1.69

1.05

0.66–1.65

 

34

348

1.48

0.97–2.27

1.48

0.97–2.26

 

Used condom at last sexual intercourse

1995

38

136

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

0.681

13

159

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

0.108

 

1999

26

181

0.58

0.23–1.46

0.56

0.22–1.44

 

19

268

1.63

0.45–5.99

1.58

0.43–5.84

 
 

2003

35

133

0.91

0.48–1.73

0.93

0.49–1.77

 

19

248

1.67

0.86–3.24

1.69

0.87–3.29

 

Used condom at last casual sexual intercourse

1995

27

62

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

0.571

9

23

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

0.004

 

1999

14

110

0.42

0.18–0.998

0.43

0.18–1.05

 

2

40

0.27

0.04–1.91

0.26

0.04–1.83

 
 

2003

29

89

1.09

0.35–3.36

1.09

0.35–3.42

 

39

23

6.75

2.15–21.2

6.31

1.50–26.5

 

Modern contraceptive use

1999

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

16

395

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

-

 

2003

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

17

400

1.04

0.65–1.66

0.97

0.61–1.54

 

Ever given birth

1995

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

54

257

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

0.114

 

1999

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

61

411

1.32

0.69–2.53

1.61

0.74–3.51

 
 

2003

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

61

467

1.32

0.87–1.99

1.35

0.78–2.33

 

Most often traditional agents before sex

1995

-

-

  

-

 

-

36

188

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

<0.001

 

1999

-

-

  

-

-

 

20

381

0.44

0.24–0.81

0.48

0.25–0.90

 
 

2003

-

-

  

-

-

 

16

364

0.34

0.16–0.71

0.33

0.15–0.72

 

HIV infection

1995

6.9

434

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

0.005

22.5

702

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

<0.001

 

1999

7.4

432

1.07

0.67–1.72

1.01

0.61–1.66

 

18.3

641

0.77

0.59–0.99

0.72

0.55–0.93

 
 

2003

3.2

623

0.45

0.28–0.70

0.40

0.25–0.66

 

12.5

840

0.49

0.36–0.66

0.43

0.33–0.57

 

Ever sex

1999

65

496

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

-

65

723

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

-

 

2003

60

695

0.81

0.61–1.07

0.70

0.52–0.96

 

55

958

0.65

0.50–0.83

0.54

0.42–0.68

 

Casual partner past year

1995

46

254

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

0.436

12

433

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

0.841

 

1999

46

207

0.99

0.70–1.42

0.98

0.69–1.40

 

17

336

1.56

0.94–2.59

1.59

0.96–2.62

 
 

2003

43

244

0.87

0.63–1.20

0.86

0.63–1.17

 

11

363

0.93

0.66–1.30

1.00

0.73–1.37

 

>=2 sexual partners past 12 months

1995

52

269

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

0.003

13

432

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

0.117

 

1999

44

207

0.73

0.54–1.00

0.68

0.48–0.99

 

10

338

0.76

0.47–1.23

0.77

0.48–1.22

 
 

2003

39

243

0.59

0.48–0.72

0.54

0.42–0.70

 

10

359

0.71

0.42–1.19

0.80

0.51–1.26

 

Ever used condom

1995

70

273

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

<0.001

59

445

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

<0.001

 

1999

84

207

2.22

1.53–3.24

1.82

1.23–2.68

 

75

338

2.09

1.27–3.43

2.08

1.27–3.40

 
 

2003

84

263

2.24

1.63–3.06

1.68

1.13–2.49

 

81

387

2.93

2.00–4.28

2.76

1.89–4.04

 

Used condom at last sexual intercourse

1995

53

247

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

<0.002

36

412

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

<0.001

 

1999

26

255

0.31

0.21–0.48

0.31

0.21–0.48

 

25

425

0.60

0.44–0.81

0.58

0.42–0.79

 
 

2003

67

249

1.80

1.04–3.11

1.59

0.97–2.60

 

57

347

2.34

1.45–3.79

2.43

1.51–3.93

 

Used condom at last casual sexual intercourse

1995

50

108

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

0.023

46

50

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

<0.001

 

1999

65

94

1.85

1.07–3.19

1.69

1.05–2.74

 

53

57

1.30

0.62–2.76

1.29

0.60–2.78

 
 

2003

65

104

1.89

1.10–3.23

1.68

1.00–2.82

 

82

40

5.53

2.89–10.6

5.80

2.88–11.7

 

Modern contraceptive use

1999

-

-

Ref.

 

Ref.

  

27

616

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

-

 

2003

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

37

494

1.64

1.13–2.37

1.30

0.94–1.81

 

Ever given birth

1995

-

-

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

-

39

772

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

<0.001

 

1999

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

27

713

0.57

0.44–0.75

0.43

0.31–0.61

 
 

2003

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

26

834

0.54

0.35–0.83

0.33

0.20–0.55

 

Most often traditional agents before sex

1995

-

-

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

-

20

429

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

<0.001

 

1999

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

2

590

0.09

0.03–0.24

0.10

0.04–0.29

 
 

2003

-

 

-

-

-

-

 

5

427

0.23

0.09–0.55

0.21

0.09–0.49