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Table 4 Associations between individual-level characteristics, neighborhood-level characteristics, and individual drinking (odds ratios), Taiwan Social Change Survey, 1990, 1995, and 2000

From: A multilevel analysis of neighborhood and individual effects on individual smoking and drinking in Taiwan

 

Women (N = 2942)

Men (N = 2941)

 

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Model 4

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Model 4

Neighborhood education

1.27**

 

1.16**

1.02

1.15**

 

1.08

1.00

 

(1.15–1.41)a

 

(1.05–1.26)

(0.85–1.19)

(1.04–1.27)

 

(0.98–1.18)

(0.84–1.16)

Concentration of elderly people

0.95 (0.85–1.06)

 

0.99 (0.89–1.10)

0.86 (0.71–1.01)

0.97 (0.89–1.09)

 

1.01 (0.92–1.10)

0.97 (0.83–1.10)

Neighborhood social disorganization

1.03 (0.93–1.15)

 

1.01 (0.91–1.12)

1.14 (0.99–1.28)

1.10* (1.00–1.20)

 

1.08 (0.98–1.17)

1.18** (1.05–1.31)

Individual SES

 

1.86**

1.81**

1.87**

 

1.39**

1.36**

1.38**

  

(1.67–2.06)

(1.61–2.00)

(1.67–2.06)

 

(1.22–1.57)

(1.18–1.54)

(1.20–1.56)

Suburban/urban

 

1.05

   

0.82

  
  

(0.82–1.28)

   

(0.61–1.03)

  

Rural/urban

 

0.76

   

0.79

  
  

(0.45–1.08)

   

(0.53–1.06)

  

Age 40–59/age 20–39

 

0.77**

0.74**

0.74**

 

0.76**

0.73**

0.73**

  

(0.58–0.96)

(0.55–0.93)

(0.55–0.93)

 

(0.57–0.95)

(0.55–0.91)

(0.55–0.82)

Age 60+/age 20–39

 

0.24**

0.23**

0.24**

 

0.29**

0.28**

0.28**

  

(-0.17–0.65)

(-0.17–1.28)

(-0.17–0.65)

 

(0.04–0.54)

(0.03–0.53)

(0.04–0.53)

Taiwanese

 

0.63**

0.64**

0.65**

 

0.71**

0.73*

0.74*

  

(0.40–0.86)

(0.41–0.87)

(0.42–0.89)

 

(0.48–0.94)

(0.50–0.97)

(0.50–0.97)

Married

 

0.85

   

0.92

  
  

(0.66–1.03)

   

(0.74–1.11)

  

Year 1990/year 2000

 

1.52**

1.51**

1.54**

 

1.69**

1.68**

1.68**

  

(1.27–1.78)

(1.25–1.77)

(1.29–1.80)

 

(1.47–1.92)

(1.45–1.90)

(1.46–1.91)

Year 1995/year 2000

 

1.18

1.18

1.21

 

1.41**

1.41**

1.43**

  

(0.91–1.46)

(0.91–1.46)

(0.93–1.48)

 

(1.19–1.63)

(1.18–1.63)

(1.20–1.65)

Neighborhood education × individual SES

   

1.17 (0.97–1.37)

   

1.11 (0.92–1.30)

Concentration of elderly people × individual SES

   

1.27** (1.09–1.45)

   

1.07 (0.91–1.24)

Neighborhood social disorganization × individual SES

   

0.81* (0.63–0.99)

   

0.83* (0.66–1.00)

  1. *P < 0.05 **P < 0.01 a95% confidence interval