Table 1 Study group characteristics by gender
From: Correlates of smoking initiation among young adults in Ukraine: a cross-sectional study
Men | Women | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | % or Mean | 95%Confidence Interval | N | % or Mean | 95% Confidence Interval | |||
Total number | 316 | Lower bound | Upper bound | 293 | Lower bound | Upper bound | ||
Reported the age of first cigarette | 274 | 86,70% | 82,96% | 90,44% | 179 | 61,10% | 55,52% | 66,68% |
Reported the age of established daily smoking | 225 | 71,20% | 66,21% | 76,19% | 97 | 33,10% | 27,71% | 38,49% |
Mean age at interview | 22,36 | 21,90 | 22,82 | 22,69 | 22,18 | 23,19 | ||
Mean age of first cigarette | 13,53 | 13,09 | 13,97 | 15,96 | 15,44 | 16,47 | ||
Mean age of established daily smoking | 16,68 | 16,33 | 17,02 | 17,82 | 17,18 | 18,47 | ||
Education | ||||||||
Primary | 47 | 14,90% | 10,97% | 18,83% | 34 | 11,60% | 7,93% | 15,27% |
Secondary | 138 | 43,70% | 38,23% | 49,17% | 119 | 40,80% | 35,17% | 46,43% |
College | 72 | 22,80% | 18,17% | 27,43% | 74 | 25,30% | 20,32% | 30,28% |
University | 59 | 18,70% | 14,40% | 23,00% | 65 | 22,30% | 17,53% | 27,07% |
Students | 106 | 33,50% | 28,30% | 38,70% | 99 | 33,80% | 28,38% | 39,22% |
Type of settlement | ||||||||
city with >1 mln inhabitants | 96 | 30,40% | 25,33% | 35,47% | 93 | 31,70% | 26,37% | 37,03% |
City | 93 | 29,40% | 24,38% | 34,42% | 85 | 29,00% | 23,80% | 34,20% |
Town | 59 | 18,70% | 14,40% | 23,00% | 56 | 19,10% | 14,60% | 23,60% |
Village | 68 | 21,50% | 16,97% | 26,03% | 59 | 20,10% | 15,51% | 24,69% |
Self reported income lower than middle | 91 | 31,60% | 26,47% | 36,73% | 64 | 23,60% | 18,74% | 28,46% |
Self reported mobile telephone for personal use | 190 | 60,30% | 54,91% | 65,69% | 169 | 57,90% | 52,25% | 63,55% |
Perceived SHS exposure daily or more frequently | 213 | 68,90% | 63,80% | 74,00% | 189 | 64,50% | 59,02% | 69,98% |
Smoking restrictions at workplace or educational institution | ||||||||
(1) smoking is either totally banned or there are no smokers | 35 | 12,50% | 8,85% | 16,15% | 48 | 21,70% | 16,98% | 26,42% |
(2) smoking is restricted to particular places in the premises | 94 | 33,50% | 28,30% | 38,70% | 80 | 36,20% | 30,70% | 41,70% |
(3) places allocated for smoking are also used by non-smokers | 60 | 21,40% | 16,88% | 25,92% | 48 | 21,70% | 16,98% | 26,42% |
(4) there are no restrictions on smoking at all | 92 | 32,70% | 27,53% | 37,87% | 45 | 20,40% | 15,79% | 25,01% |
Restrictions of smoking in the households | ||||||||
(1) There are no smokers in the household | 59 | 18,80% | 14,49% | 23,11% | 77 | 26,30% | 21,26% | 31,34% |
(2) Family members and guests smoke only outdoors | 105 | 33,40% | 28,20% | 38,60% | 87 | 29,70% | 24,47% | 34,93% |
(3) Smoking takes place on the stairs, balcony etc. | 87 | 27,70% | 22,77% | 32,63% | 65 | 22,20% | 17,44% | 26,96% |
(4) Smoking is limited to certain parts of the house or flat | 46 | 14,60% | 10,71% | 18,49% | 47 | 16,00% | 11,80% | 20,20% |
(5) Smoking is not restricted | 17 | 5,40% | 2,91% | 7,89% | 17 | 5,80% | 3,12% | 8,48% |
Summary of tobacco-related knowledge | ||||||||
1–5 correct answers | 122 | 38,60% | 33,23% | 43,97% | 80 | 27,30% | 22,20% | 32,40% |
6 correct answers | 87 | 27,50% | 22,58% | 32,42% | 97 | 33,10% | 27,71% | 38,49% |
7–11 correct answers | 107 | 33,90% | 28,68% | 39,12% | 116 | 39,60% | 34,00% | 45,20% |
Reported contact with tobacco advertising | ||||||||
TV | 78 | 24,70% | 19,94% | 29,46% | 98 | 33,40% | 28,00% | 38,80% |
Radio | 6 | 1,90% | 0,39% | 3,41% | 10 | 3,40% | 1,32% | 5,48% |
Outdoor advertising | 218 | 69,00% | 63,90% | 74,10% | 177 | 60,40% | 54,80% | 66,00% |
Newspapers and magazines | 31 | 9,80% | 6,52% | 13,08% | 39 | 13,30% | 9,41% | 17,19% |
Advertising goods | 42 | 13,30% | 9,56% | 17,04% | 27 | 9,20% | 5,89% | 12,51% |
Bars/restaurants/shops | 64 | 20,30% | 15,87% | 24,73% | 46 | 15,70% | 11,53% | 19,87% |
Sources of information about tobacco products, their impact on human health and political efforts to regulate this issue | ||||||||
(1) Newspapers | 85 | 26,90% | 22,01% | 31,79% | 84 | 28,70% | 23,52% | 33,88% |
(2) Magazines | 62 | 19,60% | 15,22% | 23,98% | 77 | 26,30% | 21,26% | 31,34% |
(3) Radio | 27 | 8,50% | 5,43% | 11,57% | 28 | 9,60% | 6,23% | 12,97% |
(4) Television | 162 | 51,30% | 45,79% | 56,81% | 140 | 47,80% | 42,08% | 53,52% |
(5) Internet | 8 | 2,50% | 0,78% | 4,22% | 7 | 2,40% | 0,65% | 4,15% |
(6) Lessons at school or other educational institution | 38 | 12,00% | 8,42% | 15,58% | 38 | 13,00% | 9,15% | 16,85% |
(7) Medical workers | 25 | 7,90% | 4,93% | 10,87% | 28 | 9,60% | 6,23% | 12,97% |
(8) Contact with family members | 42 | 13,30% | 9,56% | 17,04% | 29 | 9,90% | 6,48% | 13,32% |
(9) Contact with friends or colleagues | 55 | 17,40% | 13,22% | 21,58% | 49 | 16,70% | 12,43% | 20,97% |
(10) I don't receive this kind of information | 59 | 18,70% | 14,40% | 23,00% | 53 | 18,10% | 13,69% | 22,51% |