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Table 2 Population based age-specific prevalence differential trends of HIV infection by sex in Chelstone, Lusaka and Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia: 1995–2003

From: Steep HIV prevalence declines among young people in selected Zambian communities: population-based observations (1995–2003)

Sex

Age group (years)

Age-specific Prevalence, % (total number of respondents, n)

  

Rural

Urban

  

1995

1999

2003

χ2 for trend (P value)

Age-adjusted ORψ for 2003 (Ref., 1995)

1995

1999

2003

χ2 for trend (P value)

Age-adjusted ORψ for 2003 (Ref., 1995)

Males

15–19

5.5 (73)

5.4(129)

2.1(146)

0.161

 

4.5(266)

6.3(224)

2.2(314)

0.144

 
 

20–24

5.8(103)

9.4(139)

4.3(163)

0.468

 

10.7(168)

8.6(208)

4.2(309)

0.006

 
 

25–29

20.9(67)

13.2(114)

12.2(147)

0.127

 

33.3(114)

22.0(109)

13.1(160)

0.001**

 
 

30–39

31.9(91)

23.1(169)

20.8(235)

0.048

 

40.0(150)

39.2(120)

35.4(181)

0.378

 
 

40–49

12.3(65)

12.9(101)

22.9(131)

0.036

 

41.5(106)

40.2(82)

33.3(78)

0.276

 
 

50–59

14.6(48)

9.3(92)

17.9(89)

0.416

 

26.5(34)

13.5(37)

25.8(66)

0.847

 
 

15–24

          
 

   Crude

5.7(176)

7.5(268)

3.2(309)

0.143

0.56(0.25–1.26)

6.9(434)

7.4(432)

3.2(623)

0.005

0.40(0.25–0.66)

 

   Adjusted†

5.6

7.2

3.1

0.141

 

7.5

7.4

3.2

0.001

 
 

   F:M ratio

2.8

1.46

2.06

  

3.12

2.47

3.87

  
 

   Urban:Rural ratio

1.34

1.03

1.03

  

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15–49

          
 

   Crude

15.3(399)

13.3(652)

13.0(822)

0.314

0.80(0.55–1.18)

21.4(804)

18.3(743)

12.6(1042)

0.000**

0.58(0.38–0.87)

 

   Adjusted†

15.4

12.8

11.6

0.072

 

24.8

18.3

16.9

0.000

 
 

   F:M ratio

1.12

1.10

1.15

  

1.23

1.49

1.35

  
 

   Urban:Rural ratio

1.61

1.43

1.46

  

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Females

15–19

8.2(122)

5.9(217)

3.1(223)

0.039

 

12.3(391)

9.5(336)

7.7(431)

0.026

 
 

20–24

24.6(114)

15.9(163)

10.3(233)

0.001

 

35.4(311)

27.9(305)

17.6(409)

0.000**

 
 

25–29

17.7(79)

20.6(160)

18.2(187)

0.929

 

48.7(199)

41.2(221)

31.1(286)

0.000**

 
 

30–39

19.8(111)

18.4(233)

23.8%(256)

0.249

 

34.5(310)

39.3(244)

39.6(273)

0.202

 
 

40–49

17.8(73)

11.7(120)

14.7(156)

0.140

 

26.0(100)

22.3(112)

22.9(148)

0.614

 
 

50–59

15.4(52)

6.9(110)

5.3(94)

0.043

 

0(11)

25.0(12)

13.9(36)

0.444

 
 

15–24

          
 

   Crude

16.1(236)

10.3(380)

6.8(456)

0.000**

0.36(0.19–0.67)

22.5(702)

18.3(641)

12.5(840)

0.000**

0.43(0.33–0.57)

 

   Adjusted†

15.7

10.5

6.4

0.000**

 

23.4

18.3

12.4

0.000**

 
 

   Urban:Rural ratio

1.49

1.74

1.94

  

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15–49

          
 

   Crude

17.4(499)

14.4(893)

14.1(1055)

0.118

0.76(0.47–1.23)

29.6(1311)

27.0(1218)

21.7(1547)

0.000**

0.68(0.57–0.81)

 

   Adjusted†

17.3

14.1

13.4

0.056

 

30.6

27.3

22.8

0.000**

 
 

   Urban:Rural ratio

1.78

1.94

1.70

       
  1. Notes 1. † Denotes standardised prevalence using the Zambia National Census for the year 2000 as reference population 2. ORψ stands for Odds ratio given with 95%Confidence Interval and adjusted with age as a continuous variable and confidence interval adjusted for clustering effect using Intercooled Stata version 8 with the Standard Enumeration Area (SEA) as clusters. Statistically significant OR, highlighted in bold 3. Chi square for linear trend, Extended Mantel-Haenszel (1 degree of freedom) with continuity correction was used: a) Statistically significant trends are highlighted in bold b) ** denotes P < 0.001 4. Sample sizes were n = 3158 in 1995, 3731 in 1999 & 4751 in 2003 (age group 15–59 years).