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Table 4 Associations of impairments of development and time of visiting a preschool*/location of preschool*

From: Associations between preschool attendance and developmental impairments in pre-school children in a six-year retrospective survey

impairments of development

visiting a preschool shorter than 1 year

urban location of preschool

 

reference (≥1 year)

Odds Ratio

95% CI**

reference (rural)

Odds Ratio

95% CI**

gross motor skills

1

1.47

0.69 – 3.13

1

1.63

1.3 – 2.05

fine motor coordination

1

3.95

2.22 – 7.03

1

1.23

1.01 – 1.60

grapho-motor coordination

1

4.60

2.45 – 8.51

1

1.09

0.82 – 1.45

pronunciation

1

0.6

0.26 – 1.40

1

1.2

1.0 – 1.43

grammar

1

0.78

0.19 – 3.25

1

2.17

1.6 – 2.95

rhythm of speech

1

0.40

0.06 – 2.91

1

1.65

1.23 – 2.23

memory and concentration

1

2.32

1.33 – 4.03

1

1.27

1.04 – 1.55

perseverance

1

4.66

2.65 – 8.18

1

1.4

1.09 – 1.79

abstraction

1

3.37

1.77 – 3.42

1

1.56

1.2 – 2.1

visual perception

1

3.88

2.14 – 6.70

1

1.65

1.28 – 2.12

arithmetic

1

3.13

1.58 – 6.18

1

1.77

1.33 – 2.37

psychosocial development

1

1.07

0.46 – 2.50

1

1.31

1.04 – 1.66

  1. * multiple logistic regression models adjusted for age, gender and nationality
  2. ** 95% CI: 95% confidence interval