Table 4 Factors associated with poor ART adherence during pregnancy

Age

<25 years

26% (11/42)

p = 0.13

52% (23/44)

p = 0.03

25-27 years

10% (5/48)

23% (11/48)

28-30 years

12% (5/41)

29% (12/41)

≥31 years

10% (4/42)

35% (15/43)

Marital status

Married

14% (13/93)

p = 0.96

34% (32/95)

p = 0.83

Cohabiting

15% (7/48)

33% (16/48)

Single

16% (5/32)

39% (13/33)

Pregnancy planned

Yes

11% (13/120)

p = 0.03

30% (36/122)

p = 0.02

No

25% (12/48)

49% (24/49)

Lives with family

No

10% (12/115)

p = 0.04

29% (34/117)

p = 0.04

Yes

23% (13/57)

46% (26/57)

Lives with partner

No

18% (9/49)

p = 0.47

45% (22/49)

p = 0.08

Yes

13% (16/123)

30% (38/125)

Disclosed HIV status to anyone

No

20% (3/15)

p = 0.46

38% (6/16)

p = 0.79

Yes

14% (22/157)

35% (55/159)

Current smoker

No

14% (18/127)

p = 1.00

30% (39/129)

p = 0.07

Yes

14% (6/44)

47% (21/45)

History of drug use (other than marijuana)

No

14% (21/146)

p = 1.00

35% (52/149)

p = 1.00

Yes

14% (3/21)

33% (7/21)

Self-efficacy score

≥5 (higher self-efficacy)

12% (13/107)

p = 0.22

28% (30/108)

p = 0.04

<5 (lower self-efficacy)

22% (6/27)

50% (14/28)

Positive depression screen

No

13% (16/124)

p = 0.33

31% (39/125)

p = 0.08

Yes

20% (9/46)

46% (22/48)

Can you ask doctor for support?

Certain/fairly certain

14% (21/155)

p = 0.06

33% (52/156)

p = 0.34

Cannot do

36% (4/11)

50% (6/12)

Antenatal ART

Zidovudine monotherapy

29% (4/14)

p = 0.23

64% (9/14)

p = 0.02

cART

13% (19/141)

31% (44/143)

Severity of ART side effects

Not bothered or only slightly

14% (18/126)

p = 0.81

33% (42/127)

p = 0.71

Somewhat or terribly bothered

16% (7/43)

37% (16/43)

Knowledge of whether antenatal ART is effective for PMTCT

Completely or fairly sure that it is effective

12% (20/162)

p = 0.10

33% (54/165)

p = 0.17

Unsure that it is effective

33% (3/9)

56% (5/9)