Table 4 Summary of the type and quality of evidence for mortality outcomes
From: Time to initiation of breastfeeding and neonatal mortality and morbidity: a systematic review
No of Studies | Design | Mortality outcome* | Consistency | Generalizability (location) | Relative Risk (95% CI) | Grade | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3 | prospective cohort studies | All causes, among all live births | marginal heterogeneity from meta analysis (p=0.076); all studies show a benefit | South Asia, West Africa | 0.56 (0.40 – 0.79) |  | Random effects meta analysis |
3 | prospective cohort studies | All causes, among low birth weight babies | Q test for heterogeneity from meta analysis (p=0.585); two of three studies show a benefit | South Asia, West Africa | 0.58(0.43 – 0.78) |  | Random effects meta analysis |
3 | prospective cohort studies | Infection-related causes, among all live births | Q test for heterogeneity from meta analysis (p=0.134); one of three studies shows a benefit | South Asia, West Africa | 0.55 (0.36 – 0.84) |  | Random effects meta analysis |
3 | prospective cohort studies | Sepsis-specific mortality, among all live births | Q test for heterogeneity from meta analysis (p=0.138); all studies show a benefit | South Asia, West Africa | 0.42 (0.23 – 0.74) |  | Random effects meta analysis |
3 | prospective cohort studies | Birth asphyxia-specific mortality, among all live births | Q test for heterogeneity from meta analysis (p=0.887); zero of three studies show a benefit | South Asia, West Africa | 0.50 (0.23 – 1.12) |  | Random effects meta analysis |
2 | prospective cohort studies | Prematurity-specific mortality, among all live births | Q test for heterogeneity from meta analysis (p=0.418); one of two studies show a benefit | South Asia, West Africa | 0.56 (0.30, 1.02) | Â | Random effects meta analysis |