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Table 1 Scoring of food-hygiene practices

From: Association of food-hygiene practices and diarrhea prevalence among Indonesian young children from low socioeconomic urban areas

Food-hygiene practices

 

    Score

Methods of measurement

Undesirable response = 0

Favorable response = 1

House and environmental condition

   

  Clean inside the house

Dirty

Clean

Observation

  Clean surrounding the house

Many garbage

Clean

Observation

  Existence and less dirty sewage

Dirty or no sewage system

Less dirty

Observation

  Existence of latrine

No

Yes

Observation

  Latrine with closet and septic tank

no closet and/or septic tank

with closet and septic tank

Observation

  Child’s feces was thrown in latrine

No

Yes

Interview

  Other family defecated in latrine

No

Yes

Observation

  Closed domestic waste disposal

Open

Close

Interview

Mother’s hand washing

   

  Before preparing the food

No

Yes

Interview

  Before feeding the child

No

Yes

Interview

  Using water and soap

With water only

With water an soap

Interview

Child’s hand washing

   

  Before eating a meal

No

Yes

Interview

  After defecating or urinating

No

Yes

Interview

  Using water and soap

With water only

With water an soap

Interview

Food preparation

   

  Source of food

Bought from outside

Cooked by mother

Interview

  Cooked special food for child

No

Yes

Interview

  Food holding time before eaten

≥ 1 hour

< 1 hour

Interview

  Reheating the food before child eating

Never or only once

Every time the child wanted to eat

Interview

  Feeding child with warm or hot food

Cold

Warm or hot

Interview

  Store food covered or closed

Open

Covered or closed

Observation

Cleanliness of utensils

   

  Place to wash utensils

Outside

Inside

Interview

  Wash utensils with flowing tap water

No, collect the water in the pail

Yes

Interview

  Frequency of changing water in the pail

≤ 3 times in a day

Every time wanted to wash the dishes or > 3 times in a day

Interview

Water source and safe drinking water

   

  Piped water source

Outdoor or ground water

Piped water

Interview

  Existence of septic tank

Not available

Available

Observation

  Water treatment for drinking water

Boiling water

Refill or branded drinking water

Interview

  Cover on water storage

Open

Covered or closed

Observation

Habits of buying cooked food

   

  Frequency of buying street food

Frequent

Not frequent

Interview

  Bought hot food from outside

No, cold food

Yes, hot food

Interview

  Food given to child were still hot

No

Yes

Interview

  If the food still hot, food directly eaten

No

Yes

Interview

  Not frequently bought snack

Frequent

Not frequent

Interview

  Type of bought package

Non package snack

Package snack

Interview

Child’s bottle feeding hygiene (only for bottle fed children)

  

  Using bottle feeding

Yes, with bottle milk

No, with glass or no bottle feeding

Interview

  Bottle was washed and boiled

Washed only

Washed and boiled or no bottle feeding

Interview

  Clean bottle milk

Less clean

Clean or no bottle milk

Interview