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Table 3 Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis measures the risk of depression among COPD patients

From: Increased risk and related factors of depression among patients with COPD: a population-based cohort study

Variable

Number of depression

Incidence per 1,000 person-years

Crude HR

aHR*

   

(95% CI)

(95% CI)

Age

    

<50

770

10.91

0.80 (0.72–0.88)

1.15 (1.02–1.28)

50–69

1043

12.01

0.91 (0.83–1.00)

1.11 (1.01–1.23)

≥70

819

14.02

1.00

1.00

Gender

    

Female

1305

13.64

1.23 (1.15–1.33)

1.19 (1.10–1.28)

Male

1327

11.04

1.00

1.00

Monthly income

    

Low

1189

13.14

1.41 (1.16–1.72)

1.23 (1.01–1.67)

Median

1333

11.75

1.11 (1.03–1.20)

1.09 (1.00–1.18)

High

110

9.25

1.00

1.00

Level of urbanization

   

Urban

1473

12.34

1.00

1.00

Suburban

821

11.80

0.95 (0.88–1.04)

0.95 (0.87–1.04)

Rural

328

12.60

1.01 (0.90–1.14)

0.98 (0.87–1.11)

Hospitalization

    

Outpatients

2418

11.94

1.00

1.00

Inpatient

214

15.95

1.29 (1.12–1.48)

1.16 (1.01–1.34)

Comorbidity

    

Hypertension

    

No

1470

10.72

1.00

1.00

Yes

1162

14.76

1.35 (1.25–1.46)

1.12 (1.03–1.23)

Arthritis

    

No

1795

10.91

1.00

1.00

Yes

837

16.33

1.47 (1.36–1.60)

1.32 (1.21–1.44)

Diabetes

    

No

2180

11.71

1.00

1.00

Yes

452

15.24

1.27 (1.15–1.41)

1.10 (0.99–1.23)

Heart disease

    

No

1619

10.35

1.00

1.00

Yes

1013

17.03

1.61 (1.49–1.75)

1.47 (1.35–1.61)

Chronic kidney disease

   

No

2571

12.10

1.00

1.00

Yes

61

17.75

1.41 (1.09–1.81)

1.14 (0.88–1.47)

Cancer

    

No

2462

11.98

1.00

1.00

Yes

170

16.54

1.34 (1.15–1.56)

1.24 (1.06–1.45)

  1. *Adjusted for all variables in the model.